NF-κB signaling — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is an arachidonic acid pathway metabolite that causes neutrophil chemotaxis

Answer: LTB4

Flashcard 2: Endotoxin triggers the release of which two cytokines?_____

Answer: TNF and IL-1

Flashcard 3: What type of oncogene is c-MYC, N-MYC, L-MYC?_____

Answer: Transcription factor (nuclear regulator)

Flashcard 4: NADPH oxidase

Answer: respiratory burst

Extra: O2O2-

Flashcard 5: Give the pathway by which glucagon/Epi regulate glycogen.

Answer: Glucagon/Epinephrine → Adenylyl cyclase → cAMP → Protein kinase A → Glycogen phosphorylase kinase → Glycogen phosphorylase

Flashcard 6: Give the pathway by which insulin regulates glycogen.

Answer: Insulin → Tyrosine kinase receptor → Activation of Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) → Dephosphorylation (inactivation) of glycogen phosphorylase & glycogen phosphorylase kinase AND dephosphorylation (activation) of glycogen synthase.

Extra: Insulin leads to the activation of glycogen synthase (promoting glycogenesis) and inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase (inhibiting glycogenolysis) via Protein Phosphatase 1.

Flashcard 7: If an enyzme is a kinase, what do you know about its function?

Answer: uses ATP to add phosphate group to substrate

Flashcard 8: How does a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) work?

Answer: 1. Antigen (from the patient's sample) is fixed directly to the well plate. 2. A primary antibody linked to an enzyme is added. 3. A substrate is added; the enzyme-linked antibody-antigen complex produces a color change.

Flashcard 9: What is the function of cyclin proteins?

Answer: regulate cell cycle; concentrations are cyclic and phase-dependent, complex with and activate CDKs

Flashcard 10: When during the cell cycle are CDKs produced?

Answer: always; CDKs are constitutively expressed but inactive without the correct cyclin hence "cyclin-dependent"