Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids — Flashcards

10 flashcards

Treatment for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency includes increased intake of _____ nutrients

Ketogenesis occurs in prolonged starvation and ketoacidosis due to the depletion of ________, which is used for gluconeogenesis and thus unavailable for the TCA cycle.

Are the essential amino acids methionine, valine, and histidine ketogenic or glucogenic? _____

Treatment of maple syrup urine disease includes high-dose _____ supplementation

Are the amino acids phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine ketogenic, glucogenic, or both?

Which Krebs' cycle enzyme requires the same 5 cofactors as pyruvate dehydrogenase (TLCFN)? _____

What stainable protein is abundant in astrocytes?

What enzyme converts pyruvate to alanine?

Role of myeloperoxidase in neutrophils:

#10

What reaction is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase during the respiratory burst?

Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards

Flashcard 1: Treatment for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency includes increased intake of _____ nutrients

Answer: ketogenic

Flashcard 2: Ketogenesis occurs in prolonged starvation and ketoacidosis due to the depletion of ________, which is used for gluconeogenesis and thus unavailable for the TCA cycle.

Answer: Oxaloacetate

Extra: In starvation and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), oxaloacetate (OAA) is consumed for gluconeogenesis. This depletion of OAA prevents Acetyl-CoA from entering the TCA cycle, shunting it instead into the production of ketone bodies.

Flashcard 3: Are the essential amino acids methionine, valine, and histidine ketogenic or glucogenic? _____

Answer: Glucogenic

Flashcard 4: Treatment of maple syrup urine disease includes high-dose _____ supplementation

Answer: thiamine

Flashcard 5: Are the amino acids phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine ketogenic, glucogenic, or both?

Answer: Both glucogenic and ketogenic

Flashcard 6: Which Krebs' cycle enzyme requires the same 5 cofactors as pyruvate dehydrogenase (TLCFN)? _____

Answer: Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Flashcard 7: What stainable protein is abundant in astrocytes?

Answer: GFAP

Flashcard 8: What enzyme converts pyruvate to alanine?

Answer: alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Flashcard 9: Role of myeloperoxidase in neutrophils:

Answer: Plays a role in respiratory burst (catalyzes formation of HOCl from H2O2)

Extra: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is found in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils (PMNs). During the respiratory burst, it converts Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Chloride ions into Hypochlorous acid (HOCl - bleach), which is a potent bactericidal agent.

Flashcard 10: What reaction is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase during the respiratory burst?

Answer: Conversion of Superoxide ($O_2^-$) to Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)

Extra: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) neutralizes superoxide radicals. Reaction: 2O2- + 2H+ -> H2O2 + O2. Clinical Pearl: Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

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Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids Flashcards for USMLE

Study 10 flashcards on Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids for USMLE Biochemistry. These active recall cards cover the key concepts, clinical associations, and high-yield facts from this chapter of Amino acid metabolism and disorders. Each card is designed to test your understanding rather than just recognition, building stronger and more durable memories for exam day.

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There are 10 flashcards for Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, covering the key concepts, clinical correlations, and high-yield facts from this chapter of Amino acid metabolism and disorders.

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