Histology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: dermis

Answer: mesoderm

Flashcard 2: What organelles are stained with Nissl substance?

Answer: RER

Flashcard 3: What type of cytoskeletal element is most associated with cell structure?

Answer: intermediate filaments

Flashcard 4: Which layer of the epidermis is the regenerative (stem cell) layer? _____

Answer: Stratum basalis

Extra:   Watch Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-actinic-keratosis-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and-basal-cell-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal/inflammatory-dermatoses/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 5: In which layer of sun-exposed skin is cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) formed? _____

Answer: Stratum basale

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by desmosomes between keratinocytes? _____

Answer: Stratum spinosum

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal/inflammatory-dermatoses/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 7: Which anterior pituitary hormones are basophilic on histological preparation? _____

Answer: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/endocrine-system?index=21] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: What cellular organelle is the site of synthesis/storage of melanin? _____

Answer: Melanosomes

Extra:   Watch Malignant Melanoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-malignant-melanoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/skin-cancer/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: The innermost layer of the arterial wall is the _____, which consists of endothelial cells on a basement membrane

Answer: intima

Extra:  Watch Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-atherosclerosis-atherosclerosis-pathophysiology?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Large & Medium Vessel Vasculitides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-atherosclerosis-atherosclerosis-pathophysiology?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/cardiovascular-system?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 10: What form of chromatin appears darker on EM? _____

Answer: Heterochromatin

Extra:  Watch Chromatin Structure [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology/videos/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology-dna-chromatin-structure?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 11: Sebaceous glands and meibomian glands are what type of exocrine gland? _____

Answer: Holocrine

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki  Secretory mechanisms of exocrine glands There are three different secretory mechanisms in the exocrine glands. (1) Exocytosis: Several vesicles, which detach from the Golgi apparatus, are transported to the cell membrane, to which they then attach, allowing the release of intravesicular contents (e.g. proteins, neurotransmitter) into the extracellular space. (2) In apocrine secretion, the secretion (e.g. milk lipid droplets) is detached with part of the apical cytoplasm and the cell membrane. As a result, the gland cell becomes smaller. (3) Holocrine secretion only occurs in sebaceous glands. The secretion is released by apoptosis of the gland cell. During the course of maturation, the cell continuously produces sebum. Cell organelles and the nucleus are degraded and the cell subsequently disintegrates, with its entire content forming part of the secretion. Sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle Photomicrograph of skin tissue (Azan stain; 600x magnification) Sebaceous gland (green overlay) can be seen in the dermis. The gland consists of groups of ball-shaped sebocytes (1). Maturation and migration of sebocytes begin on the basement membrane (2). The arrector pili muscle (3) consists of several spindle-shaped, smooth muscle cells (leiomyocytes) that insert into the hair shaft. The contraction of leiomyocytes results in piloerection and leads to increased secretion of sebum from the glands. 

Flashcard 12: The Mesenchyme gives rise to most _____

Answer: connective tissue

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 13: Which skin layers contain nerve endings, blood vessels, lymphatics, and adnexal structures (e.g. hair follicles, glands)? _____

Answer: Dermis and hypodermis

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 14: Breast Cancer Assessment: The following is an immunohistochemical stain for the _____ receptor, which is located in nuclei

Answer: estrogen

Extra:  * Her2/Neu receptor is located at the cell membrane. *Progesterone receptor is located in the nucleus, as well. Watch Breast Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-breast-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 15: _____ is a stretchy protein within skin, lungs, large arteries, elastic ligaments, vocal cords, and ligamentum flava

Answer: Elastin

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/connective-tissue?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 16: _____ are thin-walled blood vessels that consist of a single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina

Answer: Capillaries

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/cardiovascular-system?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 17: Meissner corpuscles are large, _____ fibers

Answer: myelinated

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: What type of filament are cilia and flagella? _____

Answer: Microtubule

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/methods-and-overview-of-cells?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: The lymph node paracortex contains _____, through which T and B cells enter from the blood

Answer: high endothelial venules (HEV)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/lymphoid-tissue?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 20: Which type of sensory receptor is "onion shaped"? _____

Answer: Pacinian corpuscles

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: The cell body and dendrites of a neuron can be seen histologically with _____ staining, which stains RER

Answer: Nissl

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/nervous-system?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: What type of tissue lacks significant regenerative potential? _____

Answer: Permanent

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/inflammation-and-neoplasia/wound-healing/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: Which layer of the skin does the fungus Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) reside? _____

Answer: Stratum Corneum

Extra:   Watch Malassezia furfur [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-cutaneous-mycoses-malassezia-furfur?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: Airway smooth muscle cells extend to the _____ of the conducting zone (sparse beyond this point)

Answer: terminal bronchioles

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/introduction-to-the-respiratory-system?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: A(n) _____ is a structure found in cardiac muscle which contains 1 T-tubule with 1 terminal cisterna

Answer: dyad

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 26: Which type of filament is predominantly involved in maintainence of cell structure? _____

Answer: Intermediate filaments (e.g. desmin, cytokeratin)

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/methods-and-overview-of-cells?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: Melanocytes are responsible for skin pigmentation and are present in the _____ layer of the epidermis

Answer: basal

Extra:   Watch Malignant Melanoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-malignant-melanoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/skin-cancer/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: What is the region next to the follicle of the lymph node? _____

Answer: Mantle

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by granules in keratinocytes? _____

Answer: Stratum granulosum

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal/inflammatory-dermatoses/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 30: Can microglia be distinguished by Nissl stain histologically? _____

Answer: No

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cellular-function?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 31: Which type of filament is predominantly involved in maintainence of cell structure? _____

Answer: Intermediate filaments (e.g. desmin, cytokeratin)

Flashcard 32: Which type of sensory receptor is found on finger tips and superficial skin? _____

Answer: Merkel discs

Flashcard 33: Which type of sensory receptor is characterized as a dendritic ending with a capsule? _____

Answer: Ruffini corpuscle

Flashcard 34: What type of filament are cilia and flagella?_____

Answer: Microtubule

Flashcard 35: What type of filament are actin and microvilli?_____

Answer: Microfilament

Flashcard 36: What cellular structure are mucus-secreting goblet cells (small intestine) and antibody-secreting plasma cells rich in? _____

Answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Flashcard 37: At the junction of the arterioles and capillaries is a smooth muscle band called the _____

Answer: pre-capillary sphincter

Flashcard 38: The intermediate filament Neurofilament is found in _____

Answer: neurons

Flashcard 39: The base of a cilium below the cell membrane, called the _____, consists of 9 microtubule triplets with no central microtubules

Answer: basal body

Flashcard 40: What type of filament are cytokeratin and desmin?_____

Answer: Intermediate filaments

Flashcard 41: Which type of leukocyte has a large, kidney shaped nucleus with a "frosted glass" cytoplasm? _____

Answer: Monocyte

Flashcard 42: The _____ of a peripheral nerve surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers

Answer: perineurium

Flashcard 43: The endocervix is lined by _____ epithelium

Answer: simple columnar

Flashcard 44: Oligodendrocytes have a "_____" appearance histologically

Answer: fried egg

Flashcard 45: Myeloid stem cells may differentiate into _____, which mature into monocytes

Answer: monoblasts

Flashcard 46: Superficial partial thickness burns involve which layers of the skin?_____

Answer: Epidermis, Superficial Dermis

Flashcard 47: _____ differentiate from circulating blood monocytes

Answer: Macrophages

Flashcard 48: The intermediate filament Desmin is found in _____ cells

Answer: muscle

Flashcard 49: Langerhans cells are specialized _____ cells predominantly found in skin

Answer: dendritic

Flashcard 50: Langerhans cells are derived from bone marrow _____

Answer: monocytes

Flashcard 51: Which layer of the skin does the fungus Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) reside?_____

Answer: Stratum Corneum

Flashcard 52: What form of chromatin appears darker on EM? _____

Answer: Heterochromatin

Flashcard 53: Pacinian corpuscles are large, _____ fibers (myelination)

Answer: myelinated

Flashcard 54: The _____ of a peripheral nerve invests single never fiber layers

Answer: endoneurium

Flashcard 55: Which type of sensory receptor is "onion shaped"? _____

Answer: Pacinian corpuscles

Flashcard 56: Full thickness burns involve which layers of the skin?_____

Answer: Epidermis and whole Dermis

Flashcard 57: The medullary _____ within lymph nodes contain reticular cells and macrophages

Answer: sinuses

Flashcard 58: _____ are thin-walled blood vessels that consist of a single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina

Answer: Capillaries

Flashcard 59: The medullary _____ within lymph nodes contain closely-packed lymphocytes and plasma cells

Answer: cords

Flashcard 60: Can microglia be distinguished by Nissl stain histologically? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 61: The _____ of a peripheral nerve is made of dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve

Answer: epineurium

Flashcard 62: Meissner corpuscles are large, _____ fibers (myelination)

Answer: myelinated

Flashcard 63: Which skin layer is thickened with callus formation? _____

Answer: Stratum corneum

Flashcard 64: "Barr bodies" formed by lyonization may be visible where in the cell?_____

Answer: Periphery of the nucleus

Flashcard 65: Which skin layers (2) contain nerve endings, blood vessels, lymphatics, and adnexal structures (e.g. hair follicles, glands)? _____

Answer: Dermis and hypodermis

Flashcard 66: Which peripheral nerve layer serves as the blood-nerve permeability barrier?_____

Answer: Perineurium

Flashcard 67: Deep partial thickness burns involve which layers of the skin?_____

Answer: Epidermis, Superficial Dermis, Deep Dermis

Flashcard 68: What form of chromatin appears lighter on EM? _____

Answer: Euchromatin

Flashcard 69: Which class of cells have a round, densely stained nucleus with a small amount of cytoplasm? _____

Answer: Lymphocytes (e.g. B cells, T cells, NK cells)

Flashcard 70: In lymph nodes, _____ follicles are dense and dormant

Answer: primary

Flashcard 71: Freckles (ephelides) are darker than surrouding skin due to increased number of _____

Answer: melanosomes

Flashcard 72: The normal fetal epithelium of the lower 2/3rd of the vaginal canal is _____ epithelium

Answer: squamous

Flashcard 73: The intermediate filament Vimentin is found in _____ tissue

Answer: mesenchymal