Oral cavity and pharynx — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What lymph node cluster drains the apex of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and lower lip?_____

Answer: Submental lymph nodes

Flashcard 2: What lymph node cluster drains the oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx?_____

Answer: Upper jugular chain nodes

Flashcard 3: Which tongue muscle elevates the posterior tongue when swallowing? _____

Answer: Palatoglossus

Flashcard 4: What nerve(s) are found on the lateral walls of the cavernous sinus?_____

Answer: CN III, IV, V1, V2

Flashcard 5: The motor innervation to most muscles of the tongue is via CN _____

Answer: XII

Flashcard 6: Which tongue muscle retracts and depresses the tongue? _____

Answer: Hyoglossus

Flashcard 7: CN IX (Cranial Nerve 9) name?

Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Extra: Functions of Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal): 1. Motor: Stylopharyngeus muscle. 2. Sensory: Posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsils, pharynx, middle ear, carotid body/sinus. 3. Taste: Posterior 1/3 of tongue. 4. Parasympathetic: Parotid gland (via otic ganglion). 5. Reflexes: Afferent limb of the gag reflex.

Flashcard 8: parafollicular cells (C-cells) of thyroid

Answer: neural crest

Flashcard 9: Embryological origin of the bones of the skull:

Answer: Neural crest cells and Paraxial mesoderm

Extra: The bones of the skull have dual embryological origins: 1. **Neural Crest Cells:** Form the bones of the face (viscerocranium) and parts of the neurocranium (e.g., frontal bone, sphenoid). 2. **Paraxial Mesoderm:** Forms the rest of the neurocranium (e.g., parietal bones, occipital bone).

Flashcard 10: Into what vein do the dural venous sinuses empty?

Answer: internal jugular vein