Larynx and vocal apparatus — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The _____ muscle dampens loud noises (e.g., from chewing) by pulling the handle of the malleus medially to tense the tympanic membrane.

Answer: tensor tympani

Flashcard 2: The accessory nerve may be injured during surgery involving the _____ of the neck

Answer: posterior triangle

Flashcard 3: Which tongue muscle elevates the posterior tongue when swallowing? _____

Answer: Palatoglossus

Flashcard 4: What lymph node cluster drains the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and auditory tubes?_____

Answer: Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

Flashcard 5: Which tongue muscle draws the sides of the tongue upwards (creates a trough for swallowing)? _____

Answer: Styloglossus

Flashcard 6: Which tongue muscle retracts and depresses the tongue? _____

Answer: Hyoglossus

Flashcard 7: If a patient has a _____ artery, a midline tracheostomy may cause profuse bleeding

Answer: Thyroidea ima

Flashcard 8: CN IX (Cranial Nerve 9) name?

Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Extra: Functions of Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal): 1. Motor: Stylopharyngeus muscle. 2. Sensory: Posterior 1/3 of tongue, tonsils, pharynx, middle ear, carotid body/sinus. 3. Taste: Posterior 1/3 of tongue. 4. Parasympathetic: Parotid gland (via otic ganglion). 5. Reflexes: Afferent limb of the gag reflex.

Flashcard 9: parafollicular cells (C-cells) of thyroid

Answer: neural crest

Flashcard 10: Embryological origin of the bones of the skull:

Answer: Neural crest cells and Paraxial mesoderm

Extra: The bones of the skull have dual embryological origins: 1. **Neural Crest Cells:** Form the bones of the face (viscerocranium) and parts of the neurocranium (e.g., frontal bone, sphenoid). 2. **Paraxial Mesoderm:** Forms the rest of the neurocranium (e.g., parietal bones, occipital bone).