Gross Anatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: The _____ is the fibrous outer layer of the eye that makes up the posterior 5/6 of the globe.

Answer: sclera

Extra: The fibrous tunic (outer layer) of the eye consists of the sclera (posterior 5/6) and the cornea (anterior 1/6).

Flashcard 122: Complications of _____ scaphoid fractures include avascular necrosis and nonunion due to retrograde blood supply

Answer: proximal

Extra: Scaphoid pseudarthrosis Radiograph of the left hand: scaphoid fracture with pseudarthrosis (arrow). The patient fell onto the outstretched left hand. (1 = scaphoid; 2 = lunate; 3 =triquetrum; 4 = pisiforme; 5 = trapezium/ trapezoid; 6 = Os capitatum; 7 = hamate; 8 = Hamulus of hamate; I - V = metacarpals; R = radius; U = ulna) Blood supply of the scaphoid bone The scaphoid is supplied by the branches of the radial artery: - Dorsal carpal branch: major blood supply; in a retrograde fashion (i.e. distal to proximal) - Superficial palmar branch: supplies the distal end of the scaphoid Because the proximal scaphoid is poorly vascularized, proximal scaphoid fractures are susceptible to nonunion and avascular necrosis. blood supply loops around so the proximal portion won't heal

Flashcard 123: Which sympathetics innervate the regions of the hindgut? _____

Answer: Lumbar splanchnics (L1 - L2)

Flashcard 124: The _____ abducts the arm >100° and is innervated by the long thoracic nerve

Answer: serratus anterior

Flashcard 125: The right lung has _____ lobes

Answer: three

Flashcard 126: Vertebral disc herniation is characterized by herniation of the _____ through the annulus fibrosus

Answer: nucleus pulposus

Flashcard 127: Ewing sarcoma arises in the _____ of long bones (femur)

Answer: diaphysis

Flashcard 128: What anatomical landmark separates the upper and lower GI tracts? _____

Answer: Ligament of Treitz

Flashcard 129: _____ inguinal hernia enters internal inguinal ring lateral to inferior epigastric artery and exits external inguinal ring

Answer: Indirect

Flashcard 130: _____ is a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor used for symptomatic treatment of intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral artery disease.

Answer: Cilostazol

Extra: Cilostazol inhibits PDE-3, increasing cAMP levels, which leads to vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation.