Embryology — Flashcards
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mastoid air cells
edoderm lined structures of the ear
thymus
inferior parathyroids
superior parathyroids
cleft lip
cleft palate
middle ear cavity
eustachian tube
external auditory meatus
Embryology US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Embryology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Embryology Flashcard Deck - 438 Cards
Flashcard 1: mastoid air cells
Answer: 1st pouch
Flashcard 2: edoderm lined structures of the ear
Answer: 1st pouch
Flashcard 3: thymus
Answer: 3rd pouch
Flashcard 4: inferior parathyroids
Answer: 3rd pouch
Flashcard 5: superior parathyroids
Answer: 4th pouch
Flashcard 6: cleft lip
Answer: failure of fusion of maxillary and medial nasal processes (primary palate)
Extra:
Flashcard 7: cleft palate
Answer: failure of fusion of lateral palantine processes, nasal septum, and median palantine processes (secondary palate)
Extra:
Flashcard 8: middle ear cavity
Answer: 1st pouch
Flashcard 9: eustachian tube
Answer: 1st pouch
Flashcard 10: external auditory meatus
Answer: 1st cleft
Flashcard 11: branchial pouches
Answer: endoderm
Flashcard 12: branchial clefts
Answer: ectoderm
Flashcard 13: The 5th aortic arch forms the _____ artery.
Answer: nothing - it degenerates
Flashcard 14: The 3rd aortic arch forms the _____ artery.
Answer: common and internal carotid
Flashcard 15: vitelline fistula
Answer: failure of vitelline duct to close
Extra: meconium discharge from umbilicus
Flashcard 16: The umbilical vein drains into the _____ via the _____.
Answer: IVC
Flashcard 17: Identify 7
Answer: umbilical vein
Flashcard 18: Identify 6
Answer: umbilical artery
Flashcard 19: urethra
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 20: kidneys
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 21: adrenal cortex
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 22: nucleus pulposus
Answer: mesoderm (remnant of notochord)
Flashcard 23: lungs
Answer: endoderm
Flashcard 24: eustachian tube
Answer: endoderm
Flashcard 25: thymus
Answer: endoderm
Flashcard 26: parathyroid
Answer: endoderm
Flashcard 27: luminal epithelial derivatives
Answer: endoderm
Flashcard 28: agenesis (organogenesis)
Answer: absent organ due to absent primordial tissue
Flashcard 29: hypoplasia (organogenesis)
Answer: incomplete organ development; primordial tissue present
Flashcard 30: Where is the Wnt-7 gene expressed?
Answer: apical ectodermal ridge (distal end of limb bud)
Flashcard 31: Where is the FGF gene expressed?
Answer: apical ectodermal ridge (distal end of limb bud)
Flashcard 32: Sonic hedgehog gene is involved with patterning of which body axis?
Answer: anterior-posterior
Flashcard 33: Wnt-7 gene is involved with patterning of which body axis?
Answer: dorsal-ventral
Flashcard 34: What processes are directed by Hox genes?
Answer: segmentation of embryo in cranial-caudal axis
Flashcard 35: What kinds of defects are caused by Hox mutations?
Answer: appendages in wrong places
Flashcard 36: The primitive streak, notochord, mesoderm, and neural plate form during week _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: 3
Flashcard 37: The heart begins to beat during _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: week 4
Flashcard 38: The limb buds begin to form during _____ of embryogenesis.
Answer: week 4
Extra: 4 weeks = 4 limbs
Flashcard 39: The three germ layers are _____
Answer: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.
Flashcard 40: The three divisions of the ectoderm are _____.
Answer: surface ectoderm, neuroectoderm, and neural crest
Flashcard 41: adenohypophysis
Answer: surface ectoderm
Flashcard 42: Rathke's pouch
Answer: surface ectoderm
Flashcard 43: lens of the eye
Answer: surface ectoderm
Flashcard 44: sensory organs of the ear
Answer: surface ectoderm
Flashcard 45: melanocytes
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 46: chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 47: odontoblasts
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 48: muscle
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 49: bone
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 50: serous linings of body cavities
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 51: spleen
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 52: blood
Answer: mesoderm
Flashcard 53: Where is the sonic hedgehog gene expressed?
Answer: base of limbs in zone of polarizing activity
Flashcard 54: What is the shared mechanism in all neural tube defects?
Answer: neuropores fail to fuse during the 4th week of embryonic development
Flashcard 55: What adult cavity structures are derived from the embryonic hindbrain?
Answer: fourth ventricle
Flashcard 56: What adult cavity structures are derived from the embryonic midbrain?
Answer: cerebral aqueduct
Flashcard 57: When during embryonic development does the neural tube close?
Answer: between day 18-21
Flashcard 58: What adult cavity structures are derived from the embryonic forebrain?
Answer: lateral ventricles, third ventricle
Flashcard 59: What adult parenchymal structures are derived from the embryonic hindbrain?
Answer: pons, medulla, cerebellum
Flashcard 60: What adult parenchymal structures are derived from the embryonic midbrain?
Answer: midbrain
Flashcard 61: What adult parenchymal structures are derived from the embryonic forebrain?
Answer: cerebral hemispheres, thalamus
Flashcard 62: List the secondary vesicles of the developing brain.
Answer: telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
Flashcard 63: List the primary vesicles of the developing brain.
Answer: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Flashcard 64: What is the role of the notochord in neural development?
Answer: induces overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and form neural plate; becomes nucleus pulposus of IV discs
Flashcard 65: What are the 3 embryological components of the pancreas?
Answer: - dorsal bud (largest) - ventral bud - uncinate process
Flashcard 66: The pancreas develops from the what division of the embryological gut?
Answer: foregut
Flashcard 67: What normally happens at the 10th week of embryonic development with respect to the midgut?
Answer: Midgut returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA.
Flashcard 68: What normally happens at the 6th week of embryonic development with respect to the midgut?
Answer: Midgut herniates through umbilical ring
Flashcard 69: Congenital hydrocele ("communicating hydrocele") occurs due to incomplete obliteration of the _____ (infants)
Answer: processus vaginalis
Extra: Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=46] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: During which week of gestation is the bilaminar disc (of epiblast and hypoblast) formed? _____
Answer: Week 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: The embryonic basal plate gives rise to _____ derivatives
Answer: motor
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: What are the adult derivatives of the wall of the diencephalon? _____ and _____ **bonus 2
Answer: Thalamus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Male _____ cells are the homolog of female theca cells
Answer: Leydig
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/male-reproductive-system?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: During the _____ period (lung development), the endodermal tubules form the terminal bronchioles
Answer: pseudoglandular
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: The hindbrain (primary vesicle) matures into the _____ and myelencephalon (secondary vesicles)
Answer: metencephalon
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: Which form of spina bifida is associated with herniation of only neural tissue through the bony defect? _____
Answer: Myeloschisis (Rachischisis)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: What is the embryonic origin of the Alveoli, epithelium of trachea / bronchi? _____
Answer: Endoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in the _____ from 3 to 8 weeks
Answer: yolk sac
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hematopoiesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: What is the embryonic origin of the lens of the eye? _____
Answer: Surface ectoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: What type of bone formation is impaired in achondroplasia? _____
Answer: Endochondral ossification
Extra: Watch Congenital Bone Disorders Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Achondroplasia & Osteopetrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-congenital-bone-disorders-osteogenesis-imperfecta-achondroplasia-and-osteopetrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Respiration may be possible at week _____ (canalicular period)
Answer: 25
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Within which week of embryogenesis does the bilaminar disc (epiblast, hypoblast) form? _____
Answer: Week 2 (2 layers)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: What congenital abnormality arises due to failure of fusion of the lateral palatine shelf with the nasal septum and/or median palatine shelf? _____
Answer: Cleft palate
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Neurulation begins in the _____ week of fetal development
Answer: third
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: In _____ syndrome a person is genotypically XY but has female external genitalia with male internal genitalia
Answer: androgen insensitivity
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Cystic fibrosis may cause _____ in men due to congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens
Answer: infertility
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/lower-airway/acquire?ref=anki accumulation of inspissated mucus in the fetal genital tract impairs development of the vas deferens; this causes obstruction but spermatogenesis still works; note that women are generally okay, just thick cervical mucus blocks sperm
Flashcard 87: The normal fetal epithelium of the lower 2/3rd of the vaginal canal is _____ epithelium
Answer: squamous
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: What is the embryonic origin of PNS neurons? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: A(n) _____ is a diverticulum due to a slight failure of the urachus to obliterate
Answer: vesicourachal diverticulum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the ureter, pelvises, calyces, and collecting ducts
Answer: ureteric bud
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/kidney-embryology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: During the _____ period (lung development), the terminal sacs form the adult alveoli
Answer: alveolar
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: The alveolar period of lung development occurs from weeks _____ to _____
Answer: 36
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Which form of spina bifida is associated with herniation of meninges (but no neural tissue) through the bony defect? _____
Answer: Meningocele
Extra: * due to posterior neural tube defect Watch Neural Tube Defects, Holoprosencephaly, Chiari Malformation & Syringomyelia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-congenital-and-neurocutaneous-neural-tube-defects-holoprosencephaly-chiari-malformation-and-syringomyelia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: What is the embryonic origin of astrocytes? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cellular-function?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: What congenital abnormality arises due to failure of fusion of the two lateral palatine shelves? _____
Answer: Cleft palate
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: Bladder exstrophy occurs due to failure of _____ fold closure of the anterior abdominal wall
Answer: caudal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: During the canalicular period of lung development, the bronchioles are surrounded by a(n) _____ capillary network
Answer: prominent
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: Chromaffin cells migrate into the adrenal medulla to form _____-ganglionic sympathetic neurons
Answer: post
Extra: Watch Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-pheochromocytoma-and-neuroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: In the developing ovaries, primordial germ cells produce _____ by mitotic divisions until gestational weeks 20 to 24
Answer: oogonia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Dysplastic kidney occurs due to failure of the ureteric buds to induce differentiation of _____
Answer: metanephric mesenchyme
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 101: Bones of the calvarium, facial bones, and clavicle are formed via _____ ossification
Answer: membranous
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/bone?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: What is the embryonic origin of thyroid tissue? _____
Answer: Endoderm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 103: If the developing embryo splits in the morula stage (4-8 days), the twins will be _____-chorionic and _____-amniotic
Answer: mono
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/embryology/videos/germinal-period-weeks-1-2?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: The embryonic _____ interacts via reciprocal-inductive signaling with the ureteric bud, inducing differentiation of these tissues into their respective parts of the kidney
Answer: metanephric mesenchyme
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/kidney-embryology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Which embryologic structure develops into the seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, and ductus deferens (male internal genitalia, except prostate)? _____
Answer: Mesonephric (wolffian) duct
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: What is the female remnant of the processus vaginalis? _____
Answer: None (obliterated)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/posterior-abdominal-wall-inguinal-region-scrotum-testis-and-spermatic-cord?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: What congenital renal defect is a condition of being born with only one functioning kidney (one non-functional)? _____
Answer: Congenital solitary functioning kidney
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: The umbilical arteries return deoxygenated blood from the fetal _____ arteries to the placenta
Answer: internal iliac
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: If the developing embryo splits in the blastocyst stage (8-12 days), the twins will be _____-chorionic and _____-amniotic
Answer: mono
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/embryology/videos/germinal-period-weeks-1-2?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: Dandy-Walker malformation is associated with _____ and spina bifida
Answer: non-communicating hydrocephalus
Extra: * non-communicating b/c enlarged 4th ventricles squeezes cerebral aquadect impeding flow of CSF (stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius) Watch Neural Tube Defects, Holoprosencephaly, Chiari Malformation & Syringomyelia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-congenital-and-neurocutaneous-neural-tube-defects-holoprosencephaly-chiari-malformation-and-syringomyelia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cerebellum-and-ventricles?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Dandy-Walker syndrome Cranial MRI of a young child (T2 weighted, sagittal view) The region of the posterior fossa and the pons appear cystic and hyperintense. The cerebellum also appears hypoplastic and the posterior fossa is enlarged. This radiographic appearance is suggestive of Dandy-Walker syndrome.
Flashcard 111: What congenital abnormality arises due to failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes? _____
Answer: Cleft lip
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: A(n) _____ is due to partial failure of the urachus to obliterate, resulting in a fluid-filled cyst
Answer: urachal cyst
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: Are extragonadal germ cell tumors in the sacrococcygeal and intracranial regions most commonly associated with adults or infants / young children? _____
Answer: Infants / Young Children
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: Sternal defects occur due to failure of _____ fold closure of the anterior abdominal wall
Answer: rostral
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Extra: Watch Malignant Melanoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-malignant-melanoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/skin-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: What is the adult derivative of the wall of the myelencephalon? _____
Answer: Medulla
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: What congenital anomaly is caused by cystic dilation of the vitelline duct? _____
Answer: Vitelline cyst (enterocyst)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/abdominopelvic-systems-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 118: Within which week of embryogenesis does the neural tube close? _____
Answer: Week 4
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: Up to 50% of patients with müllerian defects will have a coexisting _____ anomaly
Answer: urologic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/abdominopelvic-systems-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Testosterone stimulates the growth and differentiation of the _____ ducts, which develop into the male internal genital tract
Answer: wolffian
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: The midbrain (primary vesicle) matures into the _____ (secondary vesicle)
Answer: mesencephalon
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: The posterior urethral valve is made up of a(n) _____ remnant
Answer: wolffian duct
Extra: Watch Hydronephrosis & Urinary Tract Obstruction [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-hydronephrosis-and-urinary-tract-obstruction?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: During the Canalicular phase of lung development, pneumocytes develop starting at _____ weeks
Answer: 20
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: Nephrogenesis continues through _____ to _____ weeks of gestation
Answer: 32
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/kidney-embryology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Which gene of embryogenesis is responsible for lengthening of limbs? _____
Answer: FGF (stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Umbilical arteries and veins are derived from the _____
Answer: allantois
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/anatomy-and-physiology/videos/reproduction-and-developmental-biology?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: What is the embryonic origin of arachnoid mater? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 128: The most inferior of the 3 primary vesicles (developing brain) is the _____
Answer: hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: What is the embryonic origin of the spleen and kidneys? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: The male _____ are homologous to the female vestibular bulbs, which both arise from the genital tubercle
Answer: corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the metencephalon? _____
Answer: Upper part of 4th ventricle
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: During the _____ period (lung development), the alveolar ducts form the terminal sacs
Answer: saccular
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: An aberrant right subclavian artery is an aortic arch defect which results in a misplaced _____ aortic arch derivative
Answer: 4th
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the mesencephalon? _____
Answer: Cerebral aqueduct
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: The adrenal medulla is composed of _____ cells, which are derived from neural crest
Answer: chromaffin
Extra: Watch Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-pheochromocytoma-and-neuroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/endocrine-system?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 136: Within which week of embryogenesis does the trilaminar disc (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) form? _____
Answer: Week 3 (3 layers)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: The embryonic _____ becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervetebral discs in adults
Answer: notochord
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: _____ is the abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the ventral surface of the penis due to failure of urethral folds to fuse
Answer: Hypospadias
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: Which genes of embryogenesis are produced at the apical ectodermal ridge (thickened ectoderm at distal end of each developing limb)? _____
Answer: Wnt-7 and FGF genes
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: The first stage (long) of ovarian follicle development involves development of a(n) _____ follicle from a primordial follicle
Answer: primary
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: The branchial _____ are derivatives of endoderm
Answer: pouches
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: During which week of gestation does gastrulation occur? _____
Answer: 3
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: The male _____ is homologous to the female labia majora, which both arise from the labioscrotal swelling
Answer: scrotum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: What is the remnant of the mesonephric (wolffian) duct in females? _____
Answer: Gartner duct
Extra: Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: On which days following fertilization is the morula formed? _____
Answer: 3-4
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: The embryonic metanephric mesenchyme (blastema) differentiates into renal structures from the _____ through the DCT
Answer: glomerulus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/kidney-embryology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: In which period of lung development do pneumocytes develop? _____
Answer: Saccular period (weeks 26 - birth)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: What is the embryonic origin of CNS neurons? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: An aberrant internal carotid artery is a defect of the _____ aortic arch that presents with pulsatile tinnitus
Answer: 3rd
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: The saccular period of lung development occurs from weeks _____ to _____
Answer: 26
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: During which week of gestation does the primitive streak appear? _____
Answer: 3
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: The embryonic period of lung development occurs from weeks _____ to _____
Answer: 4
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: The male _____ is homologous to the female glans clitoris, which both arise from the genital tubercle
Answer: glans penis
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: The neural tube begins as _____ primary vesicles
Answer: three
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: What is the embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary? _____
Answer: Neuroectoderm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 156: The embryonic brain stem and spinal cord have a(n) ventrally-located _____ plate
Answer: basal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: What is the embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary? _____
Answer: Oral ectoderm, specifically from Rathke's pouch
Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Etiologies [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-etiologies?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/endocrine-system?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 158: Mutations in _____ genes cause appendages to be placed in wrong locations
Answer: hox
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: What week does lung development begin? _____
Answer: Week 4
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: _____ cells (spermatogonia) maintain the germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Answer: Germ
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/germinal-period-weeks-1-2?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: The female gonads consist of three cell types: _____ cells, _____ cells, and _____ cells
Answer: germ
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: The notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to form the _____
Answer: neural plate (neuroectoderm)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: The indifferent gonad (testis, ovary) begins development next to the fetal kidney, known as the _____
Answer: mesonephros
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: The alar plate and basal plate are separated by the _____
Answer: sulcus limitans
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: The most superior of the 3 primary vesicles (developing brain) is the _____
Answer: forebrain (prosencephalon)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: After the secondary spermatocyte has been formed, it undergoes _____ to become a(n) spermatid
Answer: meiosis II
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/germinal-period-weeks-1-2?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: A(n) _____ cyst presents as a fluid-filled cavity lined with uroepithelium, between the umbilicus and bladder
Answer: urachal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: The congenital penile abnormality _____ is associated with inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism
Answer: hypospadias
Extra: * Typo in sketchy (should say hypospadias, not epispadias) Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: After fertilization, the secondary oocyte completes _____ to form a(n) ovum
Answer: meiosis II
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pregnancy-and-menstruation?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: Fetal erythropoiesis occurs in the _____ from 6 weeks to birth
Answer: liver
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hematopoiesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Congenital heart defects arise during embryogenesis, usually in weeks _____ through _____
Answer: 3
Extra: Watch Left to Right Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-left-to-right-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/acyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: Which congenital abdominal wall defect IS NOT covered by peritoneum? _____
Answer: Gastroschisis
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 173: Which embryological structure develops into the GI tract from the lower esophagus to the proximal duodenum? _____
Answer: Foregut
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: The remaining portion of the septum primum, following foramen ovale formation, forms the _____
Answer: valve of foramen ovale
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: The thyroid develops at the base of the tongue (primitive pharynx) and then travels along the _____ duct to the anterior neck Bonus: forms from which arch?
Answer: thyroglossal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 176: A partially involuted thyroglossal duct may present as a(n) _____ lobe on the thyroid
Answer: pyramidal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 177: Colobomas are an embryological defect that is caused when the _____ fails to close completely before the child is born
Answer: choroid fissure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Coloboma of the iris There is a slit-like inferior opening in the iris (coloboma), resulting in the characteristic keyhole shape. Colobomas may be congenital (due to incomplete closure of the embryonic fissure) or acquired (e.g. from trauma or surgery). Depending on the location and extent of a coloboma, it may be asymptomatic or lead to visual impairment (e.g. reduced visual field, increased light sensitivity, diplopia)
Flashcard 178: On which day after fertilization is the zygote formed? _____
Answer: 1
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: The stapedial artery and hyoid artery are derivatives of the _____ aortic arch
Answer: 2nd
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Epispadias is due to abnormal positioning of the _____ in men
Answer: genital tubercle
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: If the vitelline duct COMPLETELY fails to close, a vitelline _____ develops, which is characterized by meconium discharge from the umbilicus
Answer: fistula (persistent vitelline duct)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/embryology/videos/abdominopelvic-systems-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: What is the embryonic origin of the adrenal cortex? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 183: What is the most common site of obstruction (hydronephrosis) in the fetal kidney? _____
Answer: Ureteropelvic junction
Extra: Watch Hydronephrosis & Urinary Tract Obstruction [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-hydronephrosis-and-urinary-tract-obstruction?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/kidney-embryology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: Patients with Refsum Disease can have skeletal and craniofacial dysmorphism due to _____
Answer: epiphyseal dysplasia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/biochemistry/videos/cell-biology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: _____ is a congenital lung malformation that presents as discrete, round, sharply defined and air-filled densities on CXR
Answer: Bronchogenic cyst
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: What is the adult derivative of the wall of the telencephalon? _____
Answer: Cerebral hemispheres
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: The ductus arteriosus and proximal part of pulmonary arteries are derivatives of the _____ aortic arch
Answer: 6th
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: Failed vertical fusion of the paramesonephric ducts within the urogenital sinus results in a(n) _____
Answer: transverse vaginal septum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/abdominopelvic-systems-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: What embryological disorder results in failure to form the Preoptic Nucleus? _____
Answer: Kallmann Syndrome
Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Which branchial arch gives rise to the lesser horn of hyoid? _____
Answer: 2nd arch
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: What is the embryonic origin of microglia? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: _____ occurs when the inferior poles of the kidney are fused together
Answer: Horseshoe kidney
Extra: Watch Congenital & Cystic Kidney Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 193: What is the embryonic origin of Schwann cells? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: During the pseudoglandular period of lung development, the bronchioles are surrounded by a(n) _____ capillary network
Answer: modest
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the AV and semilunar valves
Answer: endocardial cushion
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 196: Indirect inguinal hernias occur in infants due to failure of the _____ to close
Answer: processus vaginalis
Extra: Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/posterior-abdominal-wall-inguinal-region-scrotum-testis-and-spermatic-cord?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: What is the embryonic origin of the parathyroid gland and parafollicular C cells? _____
Answer: Endoderm*
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: _____ is the abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the dorsal surface of the penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle
Answer: Epispadias
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: The _____ is a remnant of the obliterated umbilical vein
Answer: ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/abdominal-wall?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: The second stage (short) of ovarian follicle development involves the development of a(n) _____ follicle from a primary/secondary follicle
Answer: graafian
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: At gestational weeks _____ to _____ in genetic males, the testes begin to develop
Answer: 6
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Anencephaly leads to a "_____" appearance of the fetus due to prominent eyes
Answer: frog-like
Extra: Watch Neural Tube Defects, Holoprosencephaly, Chiari Malformation & Syringomyelia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-congenital-and-neurocutaneous-neural-tube-defects-holoprosencephaly-chiari-malformation-and-syringomyelia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 203: Spina bifida occulta is usually seen at _____ vertebral levels
Answer: lower
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: Lung development begins with development of a(n) _____ from the distal end of the respiratory diverticulum
Answer: lung bud
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: Congenital _____ cysts are caused by abnormal budding of the foregut and dilation of terminal or large bronchi
Answer: bronchogenic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: _____ is the embryonic connective tissue
Answer: Mesenchyme
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 207: Without _____ (gonadal females), the müllerian ducts are not suppressed and therefore develop into the female internal genitalia
Answer: anti-müllerian hormone
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: Which gene of embryogenesis is involved in segmental organization of the embryo in a craniocaudal direction? _____
Answer: Homeobox (Hox) genes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: Which congenital abdominal wall defect IS covered by peritoneum? _____
Answer: Omphalocele
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 210: Pancreas _____ is a congenital malformation in which the ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8 weeks
Answer: divisum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: The 1st and 2nd branchial arches form the _____ of the tongue
Answer: anterior two-thirds
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 212: What day of fetal development is characterized by chorion formation? _____
Answer: Day 4 (thus twins that split after day 4 are monochorionic)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: In which week of embryogenesis do the upper/lower limb buds form? _____
Answer: Week 4 (4 weeks = 4 limbs)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the myelencephalon? _____
Answer: Lower part of 4th ventricle
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 215: What embryological structure is the lower (distal) 2/3rd of the vaginal canal derived from? _____
Answer: Urogenital sinus
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/abdominopelvic-systems-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 216: On which days following fertilization is the blastocyst formed? _____
Answer: 4-5
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 217: What is the embryonic origin of the sweat and mammary glands? _____
Answer: Surface ectoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 218: The male _____ is homologous to the female labia minora, which both arise from the urogenital folds
Answer: ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 219: What is the embryonic origin of the muscle, bone, and connective tissue? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 220: Which embryological structure develops into the GI tract from the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the anal canal above the pectinate line? _____
Answer: Hindgut
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 221: _____ sex is defined by characteristics of the internal genital tract and the external genitalia
Answer: Phenotypic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 222: What is the embryonic origin of the sensory organs of the ear? _____
Answer: Surface ectoderm
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 223: The embryonic alar plate gives rise to _____ derivatives
Answer: sensory
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 224: The short arm of the chromosome is known as the _____ arm, and the long is the _____ arm
Answer: p
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 225: _____ fistula is associated with other congenital mesodermal defects, such as those in the mnemonic "VACTERL"
Answer: Tracheoesophageal
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 226: What is the male remnant of the müllerian (paramesonephric) duct? _____ +bonus
Answer: Appendix testis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 227: The _____ - _____ branchial clefts form temporary cervical sinuses, which are obliterated
Answer: 2nd
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 228: During which week of gestation is the trilaminar disc formed? _____
Answer: 3
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 229: The _____ forms after the pronephros and functions as an interim kidney for the 1st trimester
Answer: mesonephros
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/kidney-embryology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 230: _____ chromosomes are characterized by very short p arms
Answer: Acrocentric
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/mitosis-meiosis-and-the-cell-cycle?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 231: If the developing embryo splits in the 2-cell stage (0-4 days), the twins will be _____-chorionic and _____-amniotic
Answer: di
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/embryology/videos/germinal-period-weeks-1-2?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 232: Which weeks of embryogenesis are most susceptible to teratogens? _____
Answer: Weeks 3-8 (embryonic period)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 233: Spina bifida is due to failure of the _____ vertebral arch to close
Answer: posterior
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 234: What are the adult derivatives of the wall of the metencephalon? _____ and _____
Answer: Pons
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 235: In which week of embryogenesis do fetal movements start? _____
Answer: Week 8 (gait at week 8)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 236: Müllerian agenesis is associated with _____ anomalies
Answer: renal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 237: The umbilicus should contain 1 artery and 2 veins _____
Answer: F - 2 arteries and 1 vein
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 238: Developmental dysplasia of the hip is caused by an insufficiently deep _____ → femur constantly pops out
Answer: acetabulum (hip socket)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 239: A patent processus vaginalis predisposes to what two conditions? _____
Answer: Hydrocele Indirect inguinal hernia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 240: Chiari II malformation is often associated with lumbosacral _____
Answer: meningomyelocele
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 241: Failed closure of vertebral lamina and meningeal herniation is seen in _____
Answer: meningocele
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 242: _____ is characterized by a ventrally displaced urethral opening and dorsal hooded foreskin
Answer: Hypospadias
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 243: Midline dimple or tuft of hair along lower back is suggestive of _____
Answer: spina bifida occulta
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 244: Congenital hydrocele occurs due to incomplete obliteration of the _____ in infants
Answer: processus vaginalis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 245: _____ is an abnormal urethral opening on ventral penis _____ is an abnormal urethral opening on dorsal penis
Answer: Hypospadias
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 246: Which embryologic structure develops into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina (internal female genitalia)?_____
Answer: Paramesonephric (mullerian) duct
Flashcard 247: During the canalicular period of lung development, the bronchioles are surrounded by a _____ capillary network
Answer: prominent
Flashcard 248: What female structure is a derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal? _____
Answer: round ligament of the uterus
Flashcard 249: During the saccular period (lung development), terminal sacs are separated by _____ septae
Answer: primary
Flashcard 250: What is the embryonic origin of lymphocytes in the thymus? _____
Answer: Mesenchymal origin
Flashcard 251: What rare neural tube defect is characterized by protrusion of the brain and meninges through an abnormal opening in the skull?_____
Answer: Encephalocele
Flashcard 252: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip results from abnormal _____ development in newborns
Answer: acetabulum
Flashcard 253: _____ is the failure of the testicle to descend into the scrotal sac
Answer: Cryptorchidism
Flashcard 254: What week does lung development begin? _____
Answer: Week 4
Flashcard 255: What is the embryonic origin of ependymal cells? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Flashcard 256: The germ cells of the female gonads produce _____
Answer: oogonia
Flashcard 257: Achondroplasia is characterized by failure of _____ bone growth *not endochondral
Answer: longitudinal
Flashcard 258: What congenital kidney disease is associated with unilateral or bilateral absent kidney and ureter formation? _____
Answer: Renal agenesis
Flashcard 259: What is the embryonic origin of CNS neurons? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Flashcard 260: _____ is a congenital defect resulting in a connection between the esophagus and trachea
Answer: Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)
Flashcard 261: What is the embryonic origin of arachnoid mater? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 262: Lung development begins with development of a _____ from the distal end of the respiratory diverticulum
Answer: lung bud
Flashcard 263: What is the embryonic origin of the blood and lymphatics? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 264: Meckel diverticulum is typically two _____ long
Answer: inches
Flashcard 265: What is the adult derivative of the wall of the mesencephalon? _____
Answer: Midbrain
Flashcard 266: If the developing embryo splits after the embryonic disc is formed (>13 days), the twins will be _____
Answer: conjoined
Flashcard 267: What embryological disorder results in failure to form the Preoptic Nucleus?_____
Answer: Kallmann Syndrome
Flashcard 268: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the myelencephalon? _____
Answer: Lower part of 4th ventricle
Flashcard 269: Which branchial arch gives rise to the greater horn of hyoid? _____
Answer: 3rd arch
Flashcard 270: Congenital hydrocele ("communicating hydrocele") occurs due to incomplete obliteration of the _____ (infants)
Answer: processus vaginalis
Flashcard 271: Breast tissue is a modified _____ that is embryologically derived from skin
Answer: sweat gland
Flashcard 272: _____ sex is defined by characteristics of the internal genital tract and the external genitalia
Answer: Phenotypic
Flashcard 273: The germ cells of the male gonads produce _____
Answer: spermatogonia
Flashcard 274: What is the embryonic origin of the odontoblasts and bones of the skull? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 275: On which days following fertilization is the blastocyst formed?_____
Answer: 4-5
Flashcard 276: Failed vertical fusion of the paramesonephric ducts within the urogenital sinus results in a _____
Answer: transverse vaginal septum
Flashcard 277: What is the embryonic origin of the adrenal medulla?_____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 278: The ureteric bud is fully canalized by the _____ week of gestation, allowing the metanephros to make urine
Answer: 10th
Flashcard 279: What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes?_____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 280: Which embryologic structure develops into the seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, and ductus deferens (male internal genitalia, except prostate)? _____
Answer: Mesonephric (wolffian) duct
Flashcard 281: Which form of spina bifida is associated with failure of the bony spinal canal to close but with no herniation? _____
Answer: Spina bifida occulta
Flashcard 282: What sex chromosome disorder is associated with horseshoe kidney? _____
Answer: Turner syndrome
Flashcard 283: Which form of spina bifida is associated with myelomeningocele? _____
Answer: Spina bifida cystica
Flashcard 284: Treacher Collins syndrome is due to _____ dysfuntion (cell type)*bonus-failure of migration to which arch?
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 285: What is the embryonic origin of the ovaries/testis? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 286: The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is derived from _____ tissue
Answer: neural
Flashcard 287: Which form of spina bifida is associated with herniation of meninges (but no neural tissue) through the bony defect? _____
Answer: Meningocele
Flashcard 288: What is the embryonic origin of the thymus? _____
Answer: Endoderm
Flashcard 289: Does a branchial cleft cyst move during swallowing?_____
Answer: No (immobile)
Flashcard 290: What is the embryonic origin of the sweat and mammary glands? _____
Answer: Surface ectoderm
Flashcard 291: Epispadias is due to abnormal positioning of the _____ in men
Answer: genital tubercle
Flashcard 292: VACTERL syndrome is due to _____ defects
Answer: mesodermal
Flashcard 293: One cause of cretinism is thyroid _____
Answer: agenesis (embryological defect)
Flashcard 294: As horseshoe kidneys ascend from the pelvis during fetal development, they get trapped under the _____ artery and remain low in the abdomen
Answer: inferior mesenteric
Flashcard 295: The normal fetal epithelium of the upper 1/3rd of the vaginal canal is _____ epithelium
Answer: columnar
Flashcard 296: Errors at what stage of lung development can lead to the formation of a Tracheoesophageal Fistula?_____
Answer: Embryonic Period (Weeks 4-7)
Flashcard 297: The remnant of the umbilical arteries is the _____ umbilical ligaments
Answer: medial
Flashcard 298: In the second step of ventricular partioning, the aorticopulmonary septum rotates and fuses with the muscular interventricular septum to form the _____, resulting in closure of the interventricular foramen
Answer: membranous interventricular septum
Flashcard 299: On which day after fertilization is the zygote formed?_____
Answer: 1
Flashcard 300: What is the embryonic origin of the spinal cord? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Flashcard 301: _____ is caused by failure of the herniated intestines to return to the body cavity during development
Answer: Omphalocele
Flashcard 302: A _____ cyst presents as a fluid-filled cavity lined with uroepithelium, between the umbilicus and bladder
Answer: urachal
Flashcard 303: What is the remnant of the mesonephric (wolffian) duct in females?_____
Answer: Gartner duct
Flashcard 304: What is the embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary? _____
Answer: Oral ectoderm, specifically from Rathke's pouch (very specific)
Flashcard 305: Surface epithelial tumors of the ovary are derived from the _____ epithelium that lines the ovary (embryologically)
Answer: coelomic
Flashcard 306: What is the embryonic origin of the Alveoli, epithelium of trachea / bronchi? _____
Answer: Endoderm
Flashcard 307: The remnant of the ductus venosus is the _____
Answer: ligamentum venosum
Flashcard 308: Umbilical arteries and veins are derived from the _____
Answer: allantois
Flashcard 309: Hymen generally perforates during _____ life
Answer: fetal
Flashcard 310: The moderate form of holoprosencephaly presents with _____
Answer: cleft lip/palate
Flashcard 311: Which congenital kidney disease is associated with chromosomal aneuploidy (e.g. trisomy 13, 18, 21)? _____
Answer: Horseshoe kidney
Flashcard 312: _____ sex is defined by the presence of testes in males and ovaries in females
Answer: Gonadal
Flashcard 313: What congenital anomaly is caused by only partial closure of the vitelline duct? _____
Answer: Meckel diverticulum
Flashcard 314: What is the embryonic origin of pia mater? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 315: The alar plate and basal plate are separated by the _____
Answer: sulcus limitans
Flashcard 316: What embryological structure is the upper (proximal) 1/3rd of the vaginal canal derived from?_____
Answer: Mullerian duct
Flashcard 317: Which gene of embryogenesis malfunctioned if a patient develops syndactyly and/or polydactyly? _____
Answer: Homebox (hox) genes
Flashcard 318: What is the embryonic origin of PNS neurons? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 319: During which week of gestation is the trilaminar disc formed?_____
Answer: 3
Flashcard 320: Which form of spina bifida is associated with herniation of meninges and neural tissue through the bony defect? _____
Answer: Meningomyelocele
Flashcard 321: A partially involuted thyroglossal duct may present as a _____ lobe on the thyroid
Answer: pyramidal
Flashcard 322: During the Canalicular phase of lung development, pneumocytes develop starting at _____ weeks
Answer: 20
Flashcard 323: Terminal sacs form into adult alveoli due to secondary _____
Answer: septation
Flashcard 324: During which week of gestation does the primitive streak appear?_____
Answer: 3
Flashcard 325: Which branchial arch gives rise to the muscles of facial expression? _____
Answer: 2nd arch
Flashcard 326: The umbilical _____ return deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
Answer: arteries
Flashcard 327: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the ureter, pelvises, calyces, and collecting ducts
Answer: ureteric bud
Flashcard 328: Which gene of embryogenesis is responsible for lengthening of limbs? _____
Answer: FGF (stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm)
Flashcard 329: The severe form of holoprosencephaly results in _____ and a primitive nasal structure (proboscis)
Answer: cyclopia (one eye)
Flashcard 330: A _____ is a diverticulum due to a slight failure of the urachus to obliterate
Answer: vesicourachal diverticulum
Flashcard 331: What is the embryonic origin of endocardial cushion cells? _____
Answer: Neural crest cells
Flashcard 332: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the metencephalon? _____
Answer: Upper part of 4th ventricle
Flashcard 333: Which tracheoesophageal anomaly is associated with a gasless abdomen on CXR? _____
Answer: Pure esophageal atresia
Flashcard 334: _____ collecting system may occur due to two ureteric buds reaching and interacting with one metanephric mesenchyme
Answer: Duplex
Flashcard 335: What branchial pouch develops into the thymus?_____
Answer: Third branchial pouch (ventral wing)
Flashcard 336: The _____ is the last structure of the embryologic kidney to canalize
Answer: ureteropelvic junction
Flashcard 337: The embryonic alar plate gives rise to _____ (motor or sensory) derivatives
Answer: sensory
Flashcard 338: Which embryological structure develops into the spleen? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 339: Hypospadias is due to failure of _____ to close
Answer: urethral folds
Flashcard 340: Which gene of embryogenesis is involved in segmental organization of the embryo in a craniocaudal direction? _____
Answer: Homeobox (Hox) genes
Flashcard 341: Indirect inguinal hernias occur in infants due to failure of the _____ to close
Answer: processus vaginalis
Flashcard 342: What is the embryonic origin of the sensory organs of the ear? _____
Answer: Surface ectoderm
Flashcard 343: What is the embryonic origin of the adrenal cortex?_____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 344: What is the adult derivative of the wall of the myelencephalon? _____
Answer: Medulla
Flashcard 345: What is the embryonic origin of the retina? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Flashcard 346: In which week of embryogenesis do the upper/lower limb buds form? _____
Answer: Week 4 (4 weeks = 4 limbs)
Flashcard 347: _____ is the embryonic connective tissue
Answer: Mesenchyme
Flashcard 348: In which week of embryogenesis do genitalia begin to develop male/female characteristics? _____
Answer: Week 10 ("Tenitalia")
Flashcard 349: What is the embryonic origin of chromaffin cells? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 350: The second stage (short) of ovarian follicle development involves the development of a _____ follicle from a primary/secondary follicle
Answer: graafian
Flashcard 351: What is the embryonic origin of dura mater? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 352: _____ is the absence of the skull and brain, resulting in an open calvarium with an absent forebrain
Answer: Anencephaly
Flashcard 353: What is the embryonic origin of parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid?_____
Answer: Endoderm
Flashcard 354: The most superior of the 3 primary vesicles (developing brain) is the _____
Answer: forebrain (prosencephalon)
Flashcard 355: Congenital _____ is a failure of umbilical ring to close after physiologic herniation of the intestines
Answer: umbilical hernia
Flashcard 356: What is the embryonic origin of the lens of the eye? _____
Answer: Surface ectoderm
Flashcard 357: The ganglion cells that fail to descend in Hirschsprung disease are derived from _____
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 358: Which tracheoesophageal anomaly resembles the letter H? _____
Answer: Pure TEF ("H-type")
Flashcard 359: _____ chromosomes are characterized by very short p arms
Answer: Acrocentric
Flashcard 360: During closure of neural folds, the _____ cells form from neuroectoderm
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 361: The adrenal medulla is of _____ origin
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 362: In which period of lung development do pneumocytes develop? _____
Answer: Saccular period (weeks 26 - birth)
Flashcard 363: The neural tube begins as _____ (number) primary vesicles
Answer: three
Flashcard 364: Which branchial arch gives rise to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx, except the cricothyroid? _____
Answer: 6th arch
Flashcard 365: Breast tissue can develop anywhere along the _____, which runs from the axilla to the vulva (e.g. supernumerary nipples)
Answer: milk line
Flashcard 366: What is the embryonic origin of Schwann cells? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 367: What is the most common site of obstruction (hydronephrosis) in the fetal kidney? _____
Answer: Ureteropelvic junction
Flashcard 368: The protein S-100 is found in cells of _____ lineage (ex. schwann cells, melanocytes, langerhans cells)
Answer: neural crest
Flashcard 369: What congenital abnormality arises due to failure of fusion of the two lateral palatine shelves? _____
Answer: Cleft palate
Flashcard 370: Which embryologic kidney becomes the permanent kidney? _____
Answer: Metanephros
Flashcard 371: Abnormal prenatal development of the acetabulum is caused by excessive _____
Answer: uterine packing (uterine constraint)
Flashcard 372: What chromosomes are considered acrocentric chromosomes (5)?_____
Answer: 13, 14, 15, 21, 22
Flashcard 373: What is the embryonic origin of the peritoneum (serous lining of cavities)? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 374: The indifferent gonad (testis, ovary) begins development next to the fetal kidney, known as the _____
Answer: mesonephros
Flashcard 375: Oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the fetal circulation via the _____
Answer: umbilical vein
Flashcard 376: Which form of spina bifida is associated with herniation of only neural tissue through the bony defect? _____
Answer: Myeloschisis (Rachischisis)
Flashcard 377: The _____ forms after the pronephros and functions as an interim kidney for the 1st trimester
Answer: mesonephros
Flashcard 378: Within which week of embryogenesis does the neural tube close? _____
Answer: Week 4
Flashcard 379: Horseshoe kidney is associated with _____ (e.g due to uteropelvic junction obstruction)
Answer: hydronephrosis
Flashcard 380: What is the embryonic origin of thyroid tissue?_____
Answer: Endoderm
Flashcard 381: What is the female remnant of the processus vaginalis?_____
Answer: None (obliterated)
Flashcard 382: What type of bone formation is impaired in achondroplasia? _____
Answer: Endochondral ossification
Flashcard 383: Which gene of embryogenesis is responsible for proper organization along the dorsal-ventral axis? _____
Answer: Wnt-7
Flashcard 384: Spina bifida is due to failure of the _____ vertebral arch to close
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 385: The umbilical arteries return deoxygenated blood from the fetal _____ arteries to the placenta
Answer: internal iliac
Flashcard 386: After the pronephros develops, it then _____
Answer: degenerates
Flashcard 387: What day of fetal development is characterized by amnion formation?_____
Answer: Day 8 (thus twins that split after day 8 are monoamniotic)
Flashcard 388: Which congenital abdominal wall defect IS NOT covered by peritoneum?_____
Answer: Gastroschisis
Flashcard 389: What is the embryonic origin of the gut tube epithelium and most major organs (e.g. lungs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)? _____
Answer: Endoderm
Flashcard 390: Which gene of embryogenesis is produced at the base of limbs at the zone of polarizing activity? _____
Answer: Sonic hedgehog gene
Flashcard 391: What is the male remnant of the gubernaculum? _____
Answer: Scrotal ligament (anchors testes within scrotum)
Flashcard 392: Which branchial pouch gives rise to the middle ear cavity, eustachean tube, and mastoid air cells?_____
Answer: 1st branchial pouch (endoderm-lined structures of the ear)
Flashcard 393: Is the dura intact in spina bifida occulta? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 394: The metanephros first appears in the _____ week of gestation
Answer: 5th
Flashcard 395: What is the embryonic origin of astrocytes? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Flashcard 396: What day of fetal development is characterized by chorion formation?_____
Answer: Day 4 (thus twins that split after day 4 are monochorionic)
Flashcard 397: What is the embryonic origin of microglia? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 398: What congenital abnormality arises due to failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes? _____
Answer: Cleft lip
Flashcard 399: What embryological structure is the lower (distal) 2/3rd of the vaginal canal derived from?_____
Answer: Urogenital sinus
Flashcard 400: During the pseudoglandular period of lung development, the bronchioles are surrounded by a _____ capillary network
Answer: modest
Flashcard 401: What congenital renal disease is characterized by a Y-shaped bifid ureter? _____
Answer: Duplex collecting system
Flashcard 402: A vesicourachal diverticulum presents as outpouching of the _____
Answer: bladder
Flashcard 403: What is the male remnant of the mullerian (paramesonephric) duct? _____
Answer: Appendix testis
Flashcard 404: During the _____ week of development, the obliteration of the vitelline duct (omphalo-mesenteric duct) occurs
Answer: 7th
Flashcard 405: During the 3rd week of development, the yolk sac forms the _____, which extends into the urogenital sinus
Answer: allantois
Flashcard 406: What is the embryonic origin of the muscle, bone, and connective tissue? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 407: The first stage (long) of ovarian follicle development involves development of a _____ follicle from a primordial follicle
Answer: primary
Flashcard 408: What is the embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary?_____
Answer: neuroectoderm
Flashcard 409: The most inferior of the 3 primary vesicles (developing brain) is the _____
Answer: hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
Flashcard 410: During which week of gestation does gastrulation occur?_____
Answer: 3
Flashcard 411: Which genes of embryogenesis (2) are produced at the apical ectodermal ridge (thickened ectoderm at distal end of each developing limb)? _____
Answer: Wnt-7 and FGF genes
Flashcard 412: The thyroid develops at the base of the tongue (primitive pharynx) and then travels along the _____ duct to the anterior neck Bonus: forms from which arch?
Answer: thyroglossal
Flashcard 413: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the mesencephalon? _____
Answer: Cerebral aqueduct
Flashcard 414: Which branchial pouch (wings) gives rise to the inferior parathyroids?_____
Answer: 3rd pouch (dorsal wings)
Flashcard 415: Deoxygenated blood is returned to the placenta via the _____
Answer: umbilical arteries
Flashcard 416: What congenital abnormality arises due to failure of fusion of the lateral palatine shelf with the nasal septum and/or median palatine shelf? _____
Answer: Cleft palate
Flashcard 417: What congenital abnormality arises due to hyperplasia of the frontonasal prominence?_____
Answer: Orbital hypertelorism
Flashcard 418: During which week of gestation is the bilaminar disc (of epiblast and hypoblast) formed?_____
Answer: Week 2
Flashcard 419: What is the adult derivative of the cavity of the telencephalon? _____
Answer: Lateral ventricles
Flashcard 420: The mesonephros later contributes to the _____ genital system
Answer: male
Flashcard 421: What is the adult derivative of the wall of the telencephalon? _____
Answer: Cerebral hemispheres
Flashcard 422: What is the embryonic origin of oligodendrocytes? _____
Answer: Neural tube (neuroectoderm)
Flashcard 423: What is the most common congenital renal anomaly?_____
Answer: Horseshoe kidney
Flashcard 424: What is the embryonic origin of the parathyroid gland and parafollicular C cells? _____
Answer: Endoderm*
Flashcard 425: The embryonic basal plate gives rise to _____ (motor or sensory) derivatives
Answer: motor
Flashcard 426: What week does the vitelline duct normally obliterate? _____
Answer: Week 7
Flashcard 427: What is the embryonic origin of the endocardial cushion and the aorticopulmonary septum? _____
Answer: Neural crest
Flashcard 428: Tracheal cartilage is derived embryologically from _____.
Answer: neural crest cells
Flashcard 429: _____ uterus is a common anomaly of the uterus due to incomplete resorption of the septum
Answer: Septate
Flashcard 430: What is the female remnant of the gubernaculum (2)? _____
Answer: Ovarian ligament + round ligament of uterus
Flashcard 431: On which days following fertilization is the morula formed?_____
Answer: 3-4
Flashcard 432: Neurulation begins in the _____ week of fetal development
Answer: third
Flashcard 433: What is the embryonic origin of the spleen and kidneys? _____
Answer: Mesoderm
Flashcard 434: _____ twins arise from 2 eggs that are separately fertilized by 2 different sperm
Answer: Dizygotic (fraternal)
Flashcard 435: What congenital anomaly is caused by complete failure of the vitelline duct to close? _____
Answer: Vitelline fistula
Flashcard 436: Which weeks of embryogenesis are most susceptible to teratogens? _____
Answer: Weeks 3-8 (embryonic period)
Flashcard 437: In which week of embryogenesis do fetal movements start?_____
Answer: Week 8 (gait at week 8)
Flashcard 438: Fertilization most commonly occurs in the upper end of the fallopian tube called the _____
Answer: ampulla
Keywords: Embryology flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Gametogenesis
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Fertilization and zygote formation
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Cleavage and blastocyst formation
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Implantation
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Bilaminar and trilaminar disc formation
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Neurulation and neural tube development
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Somite formation and derivatives
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Placenta and fetal membranes
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Limb development
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Urogenital system development
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Teratogens and critical periods
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