Descending motor pathways in brainstem — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which brainstem nucleus is located adjacent and lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla?

Answer: Dorsal motor nucleus of CN X (Vagus nerve)

Flashcard 2: The red nucleus is located in the _____

Answer: rostral midbrain

Flashcard 3: Identify the brainstem level based on these features: - Presence of 4th ventricle - Inferior olivary nucleus - Presence of CN IX, X and XII Answer: _____

Answer: Open medulla

Extra: The open medulla (rostral medulla) is characterized by the presence of the 4th ventricle on its posterior surface, the inferior olivary nucleus, and the nuclei for cranial nerves IX, X, and XII.

Flashcard 4: Which cranial nerves (4) are located in the medulla? _____

Answer: IX, X, XI*, and XII

Flashcard 5: Which level of the brainstem is characterized by the absence of the 4th ventricle and the decussation of the medullary pyramids?

Answer: Closed medulla

Flashcard 6: The emboliform and globose nuclei send axons that decussate in the _____ and then synapse in the red nucleus of the midbrain

Answer: superior cerebellar peduncle

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 7: The _____ is the brainstem nucleus that receives pain and temperature sensation from the face.

Answer: spinal trigeminal nucleus

Extra: The spinal trigeminal nucleus extends from the pons through the medulla to the upper cervical spinal cord. It receives pain and temperature afferents from CN V, VII, IX, and X.

Flashcard 8: Which brainstem nucleus is located in the vestibular area of the floor of the 4th ventricle and receives sensory input for balance?

Answer: Vestibular nucleus

Flashcard 9: paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

Answer: eyes look away from side of lesion

Flashcard 10: Where is the locus ceruleus located?

Answer: pons