Brainstem nuclei — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

Answer: eyes look away from side of lesion

Flashcard 2: Where is the locus ceruleus located?

Answer: pons

Flashcard 3: Where is the raphe nucleus located?

Answer: pons

Flashcard 4: medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

Answer: superior olive, inferior colliculus of tectum

Extra: hearing medial = music auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

Flashcard 5: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus of CN III - Located in rostral midbrain - Anterolateral to cerebral aqueduct - Anterior to nucleus of Edinger-Westphal

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Netters: Other: 

Flashcard 6: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus gracilis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/brainstem/acquire?ref=anki Netters: Other: 

Flashcard 7: The _____ nucleus is coexistent with the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the center for ipsilateral horizontal gaze

Answer: abducens

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: The substantia nigra appears black to dark brown because nigral cells contain _____ pigment

Answer: melanin

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/basal-ganglia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: ID Brainstem Level: _____

Answer: Open medulla - Presence of 4th ventricle - Inferior olivary nucleus - Presence of CN IX, X and XII

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/brainstem/acquire?ref=anki Netters: Other: 

Flashcard 10: ID Structure: _____

Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/brainstem/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 11: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Abducens nucleus - Found near the midline in the floor of the fourth ventricle, just lateral to the MLF

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Flashcard 12: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Trochlear nucleus

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Flashcard 13: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus solitarius

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Flashcard 14: The _____ nucleus is the portion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus responsible for vertical gaze

Answer: rostral interstitial

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neuroanatomy/videos/spinal-cord-tracts?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 15: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal - Located in rostral midbrain - Anterolateral to cerebral aqueduct - Posterior to nucleus of CN III

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Netters: Other: 

Flashcard 16: Which trigeminal nerve nucleus receives pain and temperature sensations from CN V distributions? _____

Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cranial-nerves-1-6?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/brainstem/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 17: ID Structure: _____

Answer: Substantia nigra

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/brainstem/acquire?ref=anki Netters: Other: 

Flashcard 18: The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups are located in the _____ of the brain stem

Answer: medulla

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/brainstem-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: The cell bodies of the cuneocerebellar tract are found in the medulla in the _____ nucleus

Answer: external cuneate

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neuroanatomy/videos/spinal-cord-tracts?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: Light reflex: Cells in the pretectal area send axons to the _____ nucleus, bilaterally

Answer: Edinger-Westphal

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/vision?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: The emboliform and globose nuclei send axons that decussate in the _____ and then synapse in the red nucleus of the midbrain

Answer: superior cerebellar peduncle

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: The cranial nerve nuclei that exit _____ are typically mixed or sensory CNs

Answer: laterally

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/brainstem-anatomy?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/cranial-nerves/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: Serotonin production = _____

Answer: raphe nuclei

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Facial nucleus - Located ventrolateral to the abducens nucleus

Flashcard 25: Which cranial nerve(s) does the nucleus solitarius contribute to? _____

Answer: CN VII, IX, and X

Flashcard 26: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Hypoglossal nucleus - Situated near the midline just beneath the fourth ventricle

Flashcard 27: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal - Located in rostral midbrain - Anterolateral to cerebral aqueduct - Posterior to nucleus of CN III

Flashcard 28: The red nucleus is located in the _____

Answer: rostral midbrain

Flashcard 29: Which cranial nerve(s) does the nucleus ambiguus contribute to? _____

Answer: CN IX, X, and XI (cranial portion)

Flashcard 30: ID Structure: _____

Answer: Main sensory nucleus of V

Flashcard 31: ID Structure: _____

Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Flashcard 32: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Vestibular nucleus

Flashcard 33: The _____ nucleus is coexistent with the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the center for ipsilateral horizontal gaze

Answer: abducens

Flashcard 34: The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups are located in the _____ of the brain stem

Answer: medulla

Flashcard 35: Which trigeminal nerve nucleus receives pain and temperature sensations from CN V distributions? _____

Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus Bb

Flashcard 36: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Flashcard 37: Which trigeminal nerve nuclei forms the sensory limb of the jaw jerk reflex? _____

Answer: Mesencephalic nucleus

Flashcard 38: Lesions to the abducens nucleus may result in complete, ipsilateral _____ paralysis, in addition to symptoms of abducens/PPRF lesion

Answer: facial

Flashcard 39: The nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis are located in the _____

Answer: caudal medulla

Flashcard 40: ID Brainstem Level: _____

Answer: Closed medulla - Absence of 4th ventricle - Decussation of medullary pyramids

Flashcard 41: Which cranial nerves (4) are located in the medulla? _____

Answer: IX, X, XI*, and XII

Flashcard 42: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus solitarius

Flashcard 43: Light reflex: Cells in the pretectal area send axons to the _____ nucleus, bilaterally

Answer: Edinger-Westphal

Flashcard 44: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus ambiguus

Flashcard 45: ID the structure: _____

Answer: Pretectal nuclei (light reflex)

Flashcard 46: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Cochlear nucleus - Just lateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Flashcard 47: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Nucleus of CN III - Located in rostral midbrain - Anterolateral to cerebral aqueduct - Anterior to nucleus of Edinger-Westphal

Flashcard 48: The _____ colliculi are auditory structures

Answer: inferior

Flashcard 49: Which cranial nerve(s) does the dorsal motor nucleus contribute to? _____

Answer: CN X (Vagus)

Flashcard 50: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Abducens nucleus - Found near the midline in the floor of the fourth ventricle, just lateral to the MLF

Flashcard 51: The cranial nerve nuclei that exit _____ are typically mixed or sensory CNs

Answer: laterally

Flashcard 52: The _____ nucleus lies immediately ventral to the nucleus of CN VII and receives auditory impulses from both ears by way of the cochlear nuclei

Answer: superior olivary

Flashcard 53: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Inferior olivary nucleus

Flashcard 54: ID Nucleus: _____

Answer: Dorsal motor nucleus of X - Adjacent and lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus