General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: There is a _____ chance of siblings and children of BRCA1 carriers to also have the gene mutation.

Answer: 50%

Extra: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations follow an **autosomal dominant** inheritance pattern. Therefore, first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and children) of a carrier have a 50% (1 in 2) chance of inheriting the mutation.

Flashcard 72: Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is caused by the reactivation of the _____ in the 7th Cranial Nerve

Answer: Varicella Zoster Virus

Flashcard 73: Molluscum contagiosum spares the _____

Answer: palms of hands and soles of feet

Flashcard 74: On an Audiogram both air conduction and bone conduction being impaired means there is _____

Answer: sensorineural hearing loss

Flashcard 75: Intranasal steroids should only be considered for sinusitis if symptoms have persisted for _____

Answer: 10 days or more

Extra: The 10-day threshold is used to distinguish Viral Rhinosinusitis from Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis (ABRS). In ABRS, intranasal corticosteroids can be used to reduce mucosal inflammation, often as an adjunct to antibiotics.

Flashcard 76: A 'snow-storm' sign on ultrasound of axillary lymph nodes indicates _____

Answer: extracapsular breast implant rupture

Flashcard 77: Unilateral symptoms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (e.g. facial pain on bending forward) is a _____ therefore needs a referral to ENT

Answer: RED FLAG

Flashcard 78: _____ is a common, benign breast condition where milk-producing lobules become enlarged and distorted by scar-like fibrous tissue

Answer: Sclerosing Adenosis

Flashcard 79: _____ is associated with skin tethering of the breast

Answer: Fat Necrosis

Flashcard 80: Tinnitus is the perception of noise within the ears or head _____

Answer: without an external source