General Surgery — Flashcards

Flashcard 361: What is the final-line management of anal fissures? _____

Answer: Lateral internal sphincterotomy

Flashcard 362: Incisional hernias occur in ~_____% of patients who have had abdominal operations

Answer: 10

Flashcard 363: What is the management of incisional hernias? _____

Answer: Surgical repair with mesh to reinforce

Flashcard 364: Ventral hernias typically consist of _____, epigastric & Spigelian hernias

Answer: umbilical

Flashcard 365: What is the management for (adults) symptomatic inguinal hernias? _____

Answer: Surgical

Flashcard 366: Definitive diagnosis of Meniere's disease must meet the following criteria: • _____ • Audiometrically documented sensorineural hearing loss in one ear on at least one occasion around an episode of vertigo • Fluctuating aural symptoms (e.g. tinnitus, hearing loss, fullness) • Other potential causes of vertigo are excluded

Answer: ≥2 episodes of vertigo lasting 20 mins→12 hours

Flashcard 367: The mechanism of Meniere's disease is _____, but the exact cause is unknown

Answer: reduced resorption of endolymph → elevated endolymphatic pressure

Flashcard 368: Indirect inguinal hernias occur in infants due to failure of the _____ to close

Answer: processus vaginalis

Flashcard 369: What management is used to encourage healing in anal fissures? _____ Alteratives: Topical diltiazem/nifedipine (CCB - vasodilator)

Answer: Topical GTN ointment (vasodilator)

Flashcard 370: An inguinal hernia that occurs _____ to the inferior epigastric vessels is a Direct inguinal hernia.

Answer: medial

Extra: Direct inguinal hernias protrude through Hesselbach's triangle, bounded by: 1. Lateral border of Rectus abdominis (Medial) 2. Inferior epigastric vessels (Lateral) 3. Inguinal ligament (Inferior)