General Surgery UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master General Surgery with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
General Surgery Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 141: What distinguishes vestibular neuronitis from labyrinthitis?
Answer: Hearing is preserved (normal) in vestibular neuronitis, whereas hearing loss occurs in labyrinthitis.
Extra: Both conditions present with acute vertigo and nystagmus (often preceded by a viral infection). The presence or absence of auditory symptoms is the key clinical differentiator.
Flashcard 142: Persistent mouth ulcer raises suspicion of which
cancer?
Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma
Flashcard 143: In the management of breast cancer, the FEC-D regimen is used to:
Answer: • Downstage a primary tumor before surgery (neoadjuvant treatment)
• Treat systemic microscopic disease if axillary nodes are positive after surgery (adjuvant treatment)
Extra: FEC-D is a chemotherapy regimen commonly used for Breast Cancer.
FEC = Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide.
D = Docetaxel.
Flashcard 144: Why is mastoiditis a medical emergency?
Answer: Potential risk of meningitis
Flashcard 145: When is Tamoxifen used in Breast Cancer management?
Answer: • ER/PR +ve premenopausal women (First-line)
• ER/PR +ve postmenopausal women (Alternative to Aromatase Inhibitors)
• Chemoprevention in high-risk women
• Male breast cancer (DOC)
Extra: Tamoxifen is a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). While primarily the drug of choice for hormone receptor-positive premenopausal women, it can be used in postmenopausal women if Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) are contraindicated or not tolerated. It also significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and is used for primary prevention in high-risk individuals. Unlike AIs, Tamoxifen is also the standard for treating male breast cancer.
Flashcard 146: Suspected malignant otitis externa should be investigated with a _____ and MC&S (swab)
Answer: CT/MRI head with contrast
Flashcard 147: Tonsillectomy is indicated if:
• ≥ _____ episodes in one year
• ≥ 5 episodes per year for 2 years
• ≥ 3 episodes per year for 3 years
Answer: 7
Flashcard 148: Patients with acute otitis media who hav otorrhoea or are <2 years old with bilateral infection should be considered for an _____ or delayed antibiotic prescription
Answer: immediate
Flashcard 149: _____ is a severe, necrotising infection of the external auditory canal which can extend to the skull base
Answer: Malignant otitis externa
Flashcard 150: Malignant otitis externa typically occurs in _____, immunocompromised patients and in older age
Answer: diabetics
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