Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 411: How does _____ affect cells? ↑ thrombocytes

Answer: essential thrombocythaemia

Flashcard 412: Polycythaemia vera is variable but typically occurs in ages >_____ years

Answer: 60

Flashcard 413: Polycythaemia vera is a form of _____ polycythemia

Answer: primary

Flashcard 414: Accelerated phase of CML presents with fatigue because of _____

Answer: anaemia

Flashcard 415: What is the first-line management of chronic myeloid leukaemia that is used regardless of the phase? _____

Answer: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. imatinib)

Flashcard 416: The t(9;22) translocation (BCR-ABL) is also known as the _____ chromosome most commonly seen in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)

Answer: Philadelphia

Flashcard 417: What is the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in the blastic crisis? _____

Answer: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) + Induction chemotherapy + Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Extra: Blastic crisis is managed similarly to acute leukemia. Treatment involves a combination of high-dose TKIs (like dasatinib) and induction chemotherapy to return the patient to a second chronic phase, followed by an allogeneic stem cell transplant, which is the only curative option.

Flashcard 418: Chronic myeloid leukaemia is often diagnosed _____ on a FBC

Answer: incidentally

Flashcard 419: ↑ Hb ↑ Haematocrit with ↓ EPO normal O2 sats = _____ ↑ Hb ↑ Haematocrit with ↑ EPO & ↓ O2 sats = secondary polycythaemia

Answer: Primary polycythaemia (polycythaemia vera)

Flashcard 420: What are the examination finding(s) of chronic myeloid leukaemia? _____

Answer: Massive splenomegaly (larger as the phases progress)