Rheumatology & Haematology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Rheumatology & Haematology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Rheumatology & Haematology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 281: Why are patients with splenectomy/hyposplenism at risk of encapsulated bacteria?
_____
Answer: The spleen filters blood, including bacteria. Encapsulated bacteria is opsinised, then specialised macrophages phagocytose them. The immune system finds difficulty detecting & destroying them without the spleen, thus making patients susceptible to encapsulated bacteria
Flashcard 282: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may occur secondary to obstetric complications due to activation of the coagulation cascade by _____ in the amniotic fluid
Answer: tissue factor
Flashcard 283: How do you manage a splenectomy/hyposplenic patient developing pyrexia, malaise, or/and shivering?
_____
Answer: Immediate reserve antibiotics
Flashcard 284: _____ is thrombosis, haemorrhage, & organ dysfunction caused by systemic activation of blood coagulation causing fibrin clots, platelet consumption & exhaustion of clotting factors
Answer: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Flashcard 285: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is associated with bleeding, especially from _____ sites & mucosal surfaces
Answer: IV
Flashcard 286: The antibiotic prophylactic medication of choice for splenectomy/hyposplenic patients is _____.
Answer: Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
Extra: Post-splenectomy patients are at high risk for Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infection (OPSI), primarily from encapsulated organisms (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis). Daily prophylaxis with Penicillin V is recommended, especially for the first 2 years post-surgery or in children.
Flashcard 287: Acute leukaemias are at increased risk with _____ syndrome
Answer: Down
Flashcard 288: Acute myeloid leukemia can cause _____ because of suppression of thrombocytopoiesis
Answer: bleeding/bruising
Flashcard 289: Leukaemic cells can infiltrate the skin resulting in leukaemia cutis particularly in acute _____ leukaemia
Answer: myeloid
Flashcard 290: Acute myeloid leukaemia may arise from pre-existing _____ syndromes & myeloproliferative disorders
Answer: myelodysplastic
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