Rheumatology & Haematology — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: What is the antidote for Methotrexate overdose?

Answer: • Folinic Acid

Flashcard 92: What Investigation do you need to order before prescribing Biologics in RA?

Answer: Chest X-Ray To look for TB prior to starting biologics for RA, as they can cause reactivation

Flashcard 93: What complication can arise if Trimethoprim is prescribed alongside methotrexate?

Answer: • Bone marrow supression • Severe or fatal pancytopaenia

Flashcard 94: What cardiovascular disease do RA patients have an increased risk of?

Answer: • IHD due to systemic inflammation

Flashcard 95: What is prescribed alongside methotrexate to prevent myelosupression?

Answer: Folic acid (or Folinic acid)

Extra: Folic acid is typically prescribed once weekly (usually the day after methotrexate) to reduce methotrexate-induced side effects like myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, and stomatitis. Folinic acid (leucovorin) is used for rescue in high-dose methotrexate therapy.

Flashcard 96: Patients with _____ anemia should be monitored for development of gastric cancer

Answer: pernicious

Flashcard 97: _____ is the most important complication of carbimazole

Answer: Agranulocytosis

Flashcard 98: Haemophilias predominantly affect _____.

Answer: men

Extra: Hemophilia A and B are **X-linked recessive** disorders. Males (XY) have only one X chromosome, so a single defective gene causes the disease. Females (XX) are typically asymptomatic carriers unless they have lyonization (skewed X-inactivation) or Turner syndrome.

Flashcard 99: Haemophilias present with _____ commonly affecting the knees, ankles, & elbows; recurrent ecchymoses; and prolonged haemorrhage particularly after surgery/procedures

Answer: haemarthroses

Flashcard 100: Patients with thalassaemias will be offered genetic _____ and family members will be offered screening

Answer: counselling