Respiratory Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 311: Acute asthma exacerbations:\nModerate = Speech _____\nSevere = Speech cannot complete sentences\nLife-threatening = Silent chest/Cyanosis/Confusion/Exhaustion

Answer: normal

Extra: Classification of Asthma Severity (British Thoracic Society/SIGN):\n\nModerate: \n- PEFR 50-75% predicted/best\n- Respiratory rate < 25/min\n- Heart rate < 110/min\n- Speech normal\n\nSevere:\n- PEFR 33-50% predicted/best\n- Respiratory rate ≥ 25/min\n- Heart rate ≥ 110/min\n- Cannot complete sentences in one breath\n\nLife-threatening (ANY one of):\n- PEFR < 33% predicted/best\n- SpO2 < 92%\n- Silent chest, cyanosis, feeble respiratory effort, bradycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension, exhaustion, confusion, coma.

Flashcard 312: _____ tends to have a worse prognosis than Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Answer: Small Cell Lung Cancer

Flashcard 313: Which monoclonal antibody can be used to treat allergic asthma, especially in patients refractory to corticosteroids? _____

Answer: Omalizumab

Flashcard 314: A 15 year old asthmatic patient has worsening dyspnoea, wheeze, & cough that is refractory to their salbutamol inhaler. The patient cannot complete full sentences & has a RR of 29. What is the most likely diagnosis? _____

Answer: Severe asthma exacerbation

Flashcard 315: The quantity of asbestos exposure _____ correlated to the risk of mesothelioma.

Answer: is not

Flashcard 316: Acute asthma exacerbations (BTS/SIGN Guidelines): Moderate = RR _____ Severe = RR ≥ 25/min Life-threatening = signs of exhaustion/silent chest

Answer: < 25/min

Extra: Management of asthma exacerbations: Moderate: PEFR 50-75% best or predicted. Severe: PEFR 33-50%, RR ≥ 25, HR ≥ 110, or inability to complete sentences in one breath. Life-threatening: PEFR < 33%, SpO2 < 92%, silent chest, or exhaustion.

Flashcard 317: Non-small Cell Lung Cancer consists of 3 main sub-types: 1. _____ 2. Squamous cell cancer (30%) 3. Large cell cancer (15%)

Answer: Adenocarcinoma (40%)

Flashcard 318: In acute asthma exacerbations, a _____ feature is oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 92%.

Answer: life-threatening

Extra: Criteria based on BTS/SIGN British Guideline on the Management of Asthma. Note that for life-threatening asthma, any one of the listed features in a patient with severe asthma is sufficient for the diagnosis.

Flashcard 319: _____ pneumothorax most frequently seen in tall young adults, especially men

Answer: Primary

Flashcard 320: Sarcoidosis bloods may show _____

Answer: ↑ ACE, ↑ Calcium