Renal & Urology UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Renal & Urology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Renal & Urology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 391: Polycystic kidney disease ↑ risk of _____ because of ↑ risk of berry (saccular) aneurysms present
Answer: subarachnoid haemorrhage
Flashcard 392: In the terminal phase of an illness, antibiotics _____ typically prolong life, but may make patients more comfortable
Answer: do not
Flashcard 393: _____ is preferred to morphine in palliative patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment
Answer: Oxycodone
Flashcard 394: _____ and fentanyl are preferred to morphine in palliative patients with severe renal impairment
Answer: buprenorphine
Flashcard 395: What is the 1st-line antibiotic for pyelonephritis in non-pregnant women & men?
_____
Answer: Ciprofloxacin (500mg BD for 7 days)
Extra: 1st line for pyelonephritis (non-pregnant):
1. Ciprofloxacin (500mg BD for 7 days)
2. Co-amoxiclav (500/125mg TDS for 7-10 days)
Cefalexin is often used if there are sensitivities or contraindications but is generally second-line to fluoroquinolones in most modern protocols for systemic renal infections.
Flashcard 396: What is the initial investigation for pyelonephritis?
_____
Answer: Midstream culture & susceptibility (before empiric antibiotics)
Flashcard 397: What is the 1st-line antibiotic management for pyelonephritis in pregnant women?
_____
Answer: Hospitalization and IV Ceftriaxone (or other parenteral cephalosporins)
Extra: Pyelonephritis in pregnancy is a medical emergency requiring hospitalization. Initial therapy is parenteral (IV) to prevent maternal sepsis and preterm labor. Options include Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, or Ampicillin + Gentamicin. Oral antibiotics (like Cephalexin or Cefixime) are used only for step-down therapy after the patient has been afebrile for 24-48 hours.
Flashcard 398: The worst complication of pyelonephritis is _____
Answer: urosepsis
Flashcard 399: What is the imaging of choice for complicated pyelonephritis?
_____
Answer: Contrast CT abdomen & pelvis
Flashcard 400: Patients being managed for pyelonephritis in should seek medical help if their symptoms do not start to improve within _____ of taking the antibiotics
Answer: 48 hours
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