Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 641: The most common cause of neuropathic ulcers is _____

Answer: diabetes mellitus

Flashcard 642: Management of neuropathic foot ulcers includes 1 or more of the following: _____, control of foot infection, control of ischaemia, wound debridement, wound dressings

Answer: offloading

Flashcard 643: Pulses are _____ in neuropathic ulcers

Answer: present

Flashcard 644: How do the following laboratory values typically change in patients with osteoporosis? Calcium: _____ Phosphate: normal Alkaline phosphatase: normal

Answer: normal

Flashcard 645: _____ have ↑ risk of osteoporosis, partly due to loss of oestrogen post-menopause

Answer: Women

Flashcard 646: BMI _____ than 19kg/m2 increases the risk of osteoporosis

Answer: less

Flashcard 647: DEXA scan _____ score is adjusted for age, gender, & ethnic factors!

Answer: Z

Flashcard 648: What medication poses the BIGGEST risk factor for osteoporosis? _____

Answer: Glucocorticoids!

Flashcard 649: DEXA scan T score _____ = normal -1.0 to -2.5 = osteopenia < -2.5 = osteoporosis

Answer: > -1.0

Flashcard 650: Management of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus involves _____ and commencing insulin.

Answer: stopping oral hypoglycaemic agents (except Metformin)

Extra: Pre-existing diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) requires strict glycaemic control to prevent congenital malformations and macrosomia. Most oral agents are discontinued in favor of insulin due to better titration and safety data. Metformin is the primary exception often continued.