Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

There is no specific criteria, but HHS typically presents with: • Serum glucose: _____ mmol/L • Serum osmolarity: significantly raised • Ketones: Normal (<3 mmol/L) • pH: Normal (>7.3)

_____ should be suspected in children with hyperglycaemia (>11 mmol/L) and polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and excessive tiredness

Lack of intracellular glucose for ATP production in DKA results in increased lipolysis which produces free fatty acids that are converted into _____

Severe dehydration in HHS may cause the blood to become _____ increasing the risk of MI, stroke, peripheral arterial occlusion etc. Therefore all patients should be treated with prophylactic LMWH

Hint: haematological

During sick day rules for T1DM, patients should NEVER stop insulin, patients _____ adjust doses as required

Hint: can/'t

_____ is much more profound in HHS due to later presentation

Hint: Clinical feature

T1DM patients with a BMI ≥_____ should be prescribed metformin

Patients with suspected T1DM may be tested for autoantibodies such as: _____, IA2 or ZnT8

Hint: antibody against glutamic acid decarboxylase

Which of the following are only found in DKA (not HHS)? • Severe abdominal pain • Polyuria/polydipsia • N&V • Hyperventilation/Kussmaul breathing • Pear drop breath_____, Hyperventilation/Kussmaul breathing, pear drop breath

Diagnosis of T1DM involves confirmation of _____, followed by identifying T1DM as the cause