Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

_____ is the most important electrolyte to consider in DKA. DKA causes an intracellular deficit of potassium

DKA may cause _____ due to hypovolaemia

Hint: what renal complication?

Diagnosis of T1DM involves confirmation of _____, followed by identifying T1DM as the cause

DKA may cause _____ breathing that smells like pear-drops

Which of the following are clinical features typically found in DKA but **not** in HHS?\n\n• _____\n• Hyperventilation/Kussmaul breathing\n• Pear drop breath (acetone)

_____ should be measured hourly for the first 6 hours during treatment of HHS to avoid sudden osmotic shifts (e.g. cerebral oedema or central pontine demyelination)

Hint: Investigation

Fluid resuscitation management of DKA should consist of _____ followed by the addition of 5% dextrose once blood glucose is <14 mmol/L (250 mg/dL)

Hint: what fluid?

There is no one insulin regimen suitable for all T1DM patients. Options include: • _____ • Mixed (biphasic) - 1/2/3 injections per day • Continuous insulin infusion (insulin pump)

Hint: First-line

There is no specific criteria, but HHS typically presents with: • Serum glucose: _____ mmol/L • Serum osmolarity: significantly raised • Ketones: Normal (<3 mmol/L) • pH: Normal (>7.3)

DKA causes the blood to become _____osmolar which leads to osmotic diuresis in the kidneys causing patients to be hypovolaemic

Hint: hypo/hyper