Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

_____ should be started in all patients with diabetic nephropathy with confirmed albuminuria, and titrated to the maximum dose

Hint: Medication

Levels of parathyroid hormone are _____ in pseudohypoparathyroidism

Hint: Elevated/Low

_____ hormone raises serum calcium by increasing calcium absorption in the small intestine, stimulating calcium release from bones and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

Management of hypoparathyroidism without severe hypocalcaemia is with _____ and vitamin D (e.g. calcitriol)

_____ is due to a PTH deficiency Pseudohypoparathyroidism is due to PTH resistance

Hint: Condition

Diabetic nephropathy occurs _____, if renal disease occurs rapidly then consider an alternative diagnosis

Hint: Gradually/Rapidly

If the cause of hypoparathyroidism is autoimmune, there may also be deficiency of the _____ and adrenal glands

Hypocalcaemia can have life-threatening complications such as cardiac arrhythmias due to _____

Hint: ECG abnormality

Examination of a patient with _____ may show physical signs such as Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign

Hypocalcaemia can have life-threatening complications of the airway as a result of _____