Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

_____ hormone raises serum calcium by increasing calcium absorption in the small intestine, stimulating calcium release from bones and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

Management of hypoparathyroidism without severe hypocalcaemia is with _____ and vitamin D (e.g. calcitriol)

Diabetic nephropathy occurs _____, if renal disease occurs rapidly then consider an alternative diagnosis

Hint: Gradually/Rapidly

If the cause of hypoparathyroidism is autoimmune, there may also be deficiency of the _____ and adrenal glands

Examination of a patient with _____ may show physical signs such as Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign

Typical blood test results for hypoparathyroidism: • Calcium: _____ • Phosphate: High • PTH: Low/Inappropriately normal • ALP: Normal

Hint: High/Normal/Low

Chronic hyperglycaemia in the kidney causes glycation of the _____ leading it to become thicker, as well as stiffening the efferent arteriole. Together these cause the GFR to increase, leading to glomerular hypertrophy and eventually glomerulosclerosis

Hint: anatomy

_____ is due to a PTH deficiency Pseudohypoparathyroidism is due to PTH resistance

Hint: Condition

_____ is an umbrella term for elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, or all of them combined

Mainstay of management for diabetic neuropathy is with tight _____ control