Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 251: _____ is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine sufficient countries

Answer: Graves disease

Flashcard 252: What is the management of non-severe thyrotoxicosis as a result of thyroid hormone overdose? _____

Answer: Withhold thyroid hormone and resume at a lower dose

Extra: In cases of thyroid hormone overdose (thyrotoxicosis factitia): 1. **Asymptomatic/Mild:** Withhold thyroid hormone for several days and resume at a lower (correct) dose. 2. **Symptomatic:** Beta-blockers (e.g., Propranolol) are used to manage adrenergic symptoms (tachycardia, tremors). 3. **Severe/Acute Ingestion:** Gastric lavage or activated charcoal (if very recent); occasionally PTU (to inhibit peripheral T4 to T3 conversion) or cholestyramine (to bind hormone in the gut). Note: Tapering is typically for drugs where sudden cessation causes withdrawal or rebound; this does not apply to thyroid hormone overdose.

Flashcard 253: Riedel's thyroiditis is characterised by replacement of normal thyroid tissue with _____ tissue

Answer: fibrotic

Flashcard 254: What type(s) of anaemia can be caused by hypothyroidism? _____

Answer: Microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic

Flashcard 255: Nearly all of thyroid eye disease is associated with _____ disease

Answer: Graves

Flashcard 256: In severe cases of thyroid eye disease, _____ may be required in order to relieve pressure in the orbit

Answer: surgery

Flashcard 257: Patients with hypothyroidism who have cardiac disease, severe hypothyroidism or >50 y/o starting levothyroxine should have a starting dose of _____

Answer: 25mcg OD

Flashcard 258: What is the most common outcome of postpartum thyroiditis? _____

Answer: Full recovery over several months

Flashcard 259: Thyroid eye disease may cause the eye to 'pop out' for a few seconds. This is called _____

Answer: globe subluxation

Flashcard 260: What is the confirmatory test for primary hypothyroidism following an abnormal TSH? _____

Answer: Free T4