Endocrinology & Diabetes — Flashcards

Flashcard 181: Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism may be induced by iodine excess from where? _____, contrast, amiodarone

Answer: diet

Flashcard 182: _____ are benign, hyperfunctional nodules of follicular cells in the thyroid

Answer: Toxic adenomas

Flashcard 183: What is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease affecting the eyes?

Answer: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Extra: It is characterized by proptosis (bulging eyes), upper eyelid retraction, edema, and redness. It is caused by an autoimmune attack on the extraocular muscles and orbital fat. Smoking is a major risk factor for progression.

Flashcard 184: _____thyroidism can cause menstrual irregularities in women due to raised levels of SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin)

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 185: _____ is the most common cause of malignant thyroid nodules

Answer: Papillary carcinoma

Flashcard 186: What are the _____ causes of thyroid nodules? • Thyroid carcinoma • Lymphoma

Answer: Malignant

Flashcard 187: The goitre associated with toxic multinodular goitre is _____

Answer: multinodular

Flashcard 188: A singular hot nodule upon thyroid scintigraphy is characteristic of _____

Answer: toxic adenoma

Flashcard 189: Palpitations/Atrial fibrillation are associated with _____thyroidism

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 190: A patient has noticed a long-standing thyroid nodule that moves superiorly whenever they stick out their tongue. What is the most likely diagnosis? _____

Answer: Thyroglossal cyst