Common Infections — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Dormant/latent HSV reactivates in response to _____, triggering viral replication in sensory ganglia and anterograde axonal transport to epithelial surfaces

Answer: physiological or immunological stressors

Flashcard 92: Herpes virus can be transmitted via saliva, sex, and vertically (most commonly during delivery through the _____).

Answer: birth canal

Extra: Vertical transmission of HSV: 1. **Intrapartum (85-90%):** Most common; occurs during passage through the birth canal. 2. **Postnatal (5-10%):** Usually from contact with an orofacial lesion (e.g., from mother or caregiver). 3. **Intrauterine (5%):** Rare transplacental transmission leading to congenital HSV syndrome.

Flashcard 93: Genital herpes initially presents as _____ which then progress into painful ulcers.

Answer: grouped vesicles on an erythematous base

Flashcard 94: What is the management of primary infection of oral herpes (gingivostomatitis)?

Answer: Oral aciclovir or valaciclovir (plus supportive care like analgesia and hydration)

Flashcard 95: Management of reactivation of oral herpes (herpes labialis) includes _____.

Answer: self-care advice and topical/oral antivirals (e.g., Acyclovir)

Extra: Self-care includes keeping the area clean and hydrated. Topical lidocaine can be used for pain. Antivirals are most effective if started during the prodromal phase.

Flashcard 96: What is the most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease? _____

Answer: Chlamydia

Flashcard 97: _____ is a possible complication of untreated chlamydial cervicitis that can cause tubal factor infertility & ↑ risk of ectopic pregnancy

Answer: Pelvic inflammatory disease

Flashcard 98: _____ candidiasis can present with odynophagia

Answer: Oesophageal

Flashcard 99: Subacute pelvic inflammatory disease often goes undiagnosed caused from _____

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)

Flashcard 100: _____ white plaques can be easily scraped off

Answer: Oral candidiasis