Screening & Prevention UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Screening & Prevention with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Screening & Prevention Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 11: Likelihood ratio for a negative test result (LR-) is defined as _____
Answer: (1 - Sensitivity) / Specificity
Extra: LR- = (1 - Sensitivity) / Specificity\n\nLR- = (False Negative Rate) / (True Negative Rate)\n\nAn LR- < 0.1 is considered a very good test for ruling out a disease.
Flashcard 12: Positive Predictive Value is described as the _____
Answer: The chance that the patient has the condition if the diagnostic test is positive
Flashcard 13: The _____ describes how much the odds of the disease increase when a test is positive.
Answer: Likelihood ratio for a positive test result (LR+)
Extra: Likelihood ratio for a positive test (LR+) indicates how much the odds of a disease increase given a positive test result. \n\nFormula: LR+ = True Positive Rate / False Positive Rate = Sensitivity / (1 - Specificity).
Flashcard 14: Specificity is described as the _____
Answer: proportion of patients without the condition who have a negative test result
Flashcard 15: In a Contigency Table what does TP mean?
_____
Where the Disease is present and the test is positive
Answer: True Positives
Flashcard 16: In a Contigency Table what does TN mean?
_____
Where the Disease is Absent and the test is Negative
Answer: True Negative
Flashcard 17: What are risk factors for Falling? (List 12)
Answer: 1. Lower limb muscle weakness
2. Vision Problems
3. Balance/gait disturbances (diabetes, RA, Parkinsons etc)
4. Polypharmacy (4+ medications)
5. Incontinence
6. >65
7. Having a fear of falling
8. Depression
9. Postural hypotension
10. Arthritis in lower limbs
11. Psychoactive drugs
12. Cognitive impairment
Flashcard 18: What is the 'Timed Up and Go' (TUG) test in falls assessment?
Answer: • Patient is asked to get up from a chair, walk 3 metres, turn around, walk back, and sit down again.
• Timing starts when the person tips back against the chair and stops when their buttocks touch the seat.
• Patient should be permitted to use their usual walking aid.
• Score of >12-14 seconds is generally considered a high risk for falls.
Flashcard 19: _____ & alcohol cessation decreases ↓ blood pressure
Answer: Smoking
Flashcard 20: Screen patient's blood pressure every _____ if high-risk (e.g. diabetes, family history, smokers, obesity)
Answer: 1 year
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