Screening & Prevention UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Screening & Prevention with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Screening & Prevention Flashcard Deck - 34 Cards
Flashcard 1: What is the formula used to calculate Sensitivity:
_____
Answer: TP / (TP+FN)
Flashcard 2: Negative Predictive Value is described as the _____
Answer: The chance that the patient does not have the condition if the diagnostic test is negative
Flashcard 3: In a Contigency Table what does FP mean?
_____
Where the Disease is Absent and the test is Positive
Answer: False Positive
Flashcard 4: Sensitivty is described as the _____
Answer: proportion of patients with the condition who have a positive test result
Flashcard 5: In a Contigency Table what does FN mean?
_____
Where the Disease is Present and the test is Negative
Answer: False Negative
Flashcard 6: What is the formula used to calculate Specificity:
_____
Answer: TN / (TN+FP)
Flashcard 7: What is the formula used to calculate Positive Predictive Value:
_____
Answer: TP / (TP + FP)
Flashcard 8: What is the formula used to calculate Negative Predictive Value:
_____
Answer: TN / (TN + FN)
Flashcard 9: What is the formula used to calculate "Likelihood ratio for a negative test result" :
_____
Answer: (1 - sensitivity) / specficity
Flashcard 10: What is the formula used to calculate "Likelihood ratio for a positive test result" :
_____
Answer: sensitivity / (1 - specificity)
Flashcard 11: "Likelihood ratio for a negative test result" is described as the _____
Answer: How much the odds of the disease decrease when a test in negative
Flashcard 12: Positive Predictive Value is described as the _____
Answer: The chance that the patient has the condition if the diagnostic test is positive
Flashcard 13: "Likelihood ratio for a positive test result" is described as the _____
Answer: How much the odds of the disease increase when a test is positive
Flashcard 14: Specificity is described as the _____
Answer: proportion of patients without the condition who have a negative test result
Flashcard 15: In a Contigency Table what does TP mean?
_____
Where the Disease is present and the test is positive
Answer: True Positives
Flashcard 16: In a Contigency Table what does TN mean?
_____
Where the Disease is Absent and the test is Negative
Answer: True Negative
Flashcard 17: What is the 'Timed up and Go test' in Falls assessment? 2
Answer:
• Patient is asked to get up from chair/bed and walk 3 metres then turn around and sit down again.
• Patient should be permitted to use their walking aid
Flashcard 18: What are risk factors for Falling? 12
Answer: 1. Lower limb muscle weakness
2. Vision Problems
3. Balance/gait distrubances (diabetes, RA, Parkinsons etc)
4. Polypharmacy (4+ medications)
5. Incontinence
6. >65
7. Having a fear of falling
8. Depression
9. Postural hypotension
10. Arthritis in lower limbs
11. Psychoactive drugs
12. Cognitive impairment
Flashcard 19: _____ & alcohol cessation decreases ↓ blood pressure
Answer: Smoking
Flashcard 20: Screen patient's blood pressure every _____
Answer: 5 years
Flashcard 21: Screen patient's blood pressure every _____ if high-risk (e.g. diabetes, family history, smokers, obesity)
Answer: 1 year
Flashcard 22:
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm involves a single US for men aged ≥ _____
Answer: 65
Flashcard 23: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is +ve for hrHPV but no evidence of cytological abnormalities then _____
Answer: repeat smear at 12 months
Flashcard 24: The cervical cancer screening program aims to detect _____ changes, although adenocarcinomas frequently go undetected
Answer: pre-malignant
Flashcard 25: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is +ve for hrHPV but there is no evidence of cytological abnormalities
smear is repeated in 12 months, if hrHPV is +ve & cytology is still normal then
repeat smear at 24 months, if hrHPV is +ve then _____
Answer: refer for colposcopy
Flashcard 26: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is +ve for hrHPV but there is no evidence of cytological abnormalities
smear is repeated in 12 months, if hrHPV is -ve then _____
Answer: return to normal recall
Flashcard 27: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is inadequate, then _____
Answer: repeat within 3 months
Flashcard 28: What is done if cervical cancer screening is due while pregnant?
_____
Answer: Usually delayed until 3 months post-partum, unless they have missed a screening or have previous abnormal smears
Flashcard 29: For cervical cancer screening, _____ is tested first, if +ve then cytological examination is also performed
Answer: hrHPV
Flashcard 30: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is +ve for hrHPV but there is no evidence of cytological abnormalities
smear is repeated in 12 months, if hrHPV is +ve & cytology is still normal then
repeat smear at 24 months, if hrHPV is -ve then _____
Answer: return to normal recall
Flashcard 31: Cervical cancer screening (smear test) is offered to patients aged _____-64 every 5 years
Answer: 25
Flashcard 32: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is +ve for hrHPV but there is no evidence of cytological abnormalities
smear is repeated in 12 months, if hrHPV is +ve & cytology is still normal then _____
Answer: further repeat smear at 12 months (24 months overall)
Flashcard 33: A patient who has _____ has a ↓↓ risk of developing cervical cancer thus can opt out of screening if desired
Answer: never been sexually active
Flashcard 34: If cervical cancer screening (smear test) is +ve for hrHPV & there is evidence of cytological abnormalities then _____
Answer: refer to colposcopy
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