Acute Medical Presentations — Flashcards

Flashcard 321: What respiratory symptom can present in ACS? _____

Answer: Dyspnoea

Flashcard 322: The mnemonic for the initial management of ACS/chest pain is _____.

Answer: MONA

Extra: MONA stands for: M - Morphine O - Oxygen N - Nitroglycerin A - Aspirin

Flashcard 323: What are the initial investigations for a patient presenting with ACS/chest pain? _____

Answer: ECG & troponin (biomarker of cardiac injury)

Flashcard 324: In a posterior myocardial infarction, ST-elevation is typically seen in leads _____.

Answer: V7-V9

Extra: On a standard 12-lead ECG, posterior MI is characterized by reciprocal changes in leads V1-V3: - Horizontal ST-depression - Tall, upright T waves - Tall R waves (R/S ratio >1 in V2)

Flashcard 325: For the initial management of ACS, oxygen is indicated if the patient has O2 saturation < _____%.

Answer: 90

Extra: In ACS, routine oxygen therapy in normoxic patients can cause hyperoxia, which leads to coronary artery vasoconstriction and potentially increases infarct size. Target SaO2 is typically 90-94% (or 88-92% in COPD).

Flashcard 326: Acute coronary syndrome presents with _____/left-sided chest pain which radiates to the jaw or both arms

Answer: central

Flashcard 327: STEMI is managed with _____ if the patient presents within 12 hours of symptom onset and PCI can be performed within 120 minutes

Answer: PCI

Flashcard 328: _____ is a group of conditions caused by sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart - STEMI - NSTEMI - Unstable angina

Answer: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Flashcard 329: Sudden onset of severe tearing chest and/or upper back, or stomach pain with weak pulses is most likely what? _____

Answer: Aortic Dissection

Flashcard 330: _____ stents are now the preferred stent type for PCI

Answer: Drug eluting