Acute Medical Presentations — Flashcards

Flashcard 321: Initial management for ACS/chest pain: M_____ Oxygen (if sats < 94%) Nitrates Aspirin

Answer: orphine (if severe pain)

Flashcard 322: What is the mnemonic for the secondary prevention of ACS/chest pain? _____

Answer: DABS

Extra: Secondary prevention of ACS focuses on reducing future cardiovascular events. Common components include: - **D**: Diet (mediterranean), Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (Aspirin + P2Y12 inhibitor). - **A**: ACE inhibitor (especially in HF/EF <40%), Aldosterone antagonist. - **B**: Beta-blockers, BP control. - **S**: Statins (high intensity), Smoking cessation.

Flashcard 323: What gastrointestinal symptom can present in ACS? _____

Answer: Nausea & vomiting

Flashcard 324: Which area is affected in leads I, aVL, V5-V6? _____

Answer: Lateral MI

Flashcard 325: Modifiable risk factors for ischaemic heart disease include _____, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, & low physical activity

Answer: smoking

Flashcard 326: STEMI diagnostic criteria includes clinical symptoms lasting ≥ _____

Answer: 20 minutes

Flashcard 327: Which artery is associated with posterior myocardial infarction?

Answer:

Flashcard 328: Nitrates for ACS are contraindicated in _____ patients

Answer: hypotensive

Flashcard 329: What are the initial investigations for a patient presenting with ACS/chest pain? _____

Answer: ECG & troponin (biomarker of cardiac injury)

Flashcard 330: In a posterior myocardial infarction, ST-elevation is typically seen in leads _____.

Answer: V7-V9

Extra: On a standard 12-lead ECG, posterior MI is characterized by reciprocal changes in leads V1-V3: - Horizontal ST-depression - Tall, upright T waves - Tall R waves (R/S ratio >1 in V2)