Acute Medical Presentations — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: Acute decompensated heart failure is most commonly precipitated because of _____

Answer: non-adherence to heart failure medications

Flashcard 132: BNP > _____ pg/mL & NT-proBNP > 300 pg/mL rules in acute heart failure

Answer: 100

Extra: Note: While 300 pg/mL is the cut-off to rule out acute heart failure, age-adjusted NT-proBNP rule-in thresholds are: - <50 years: >450 pg/mL - 50-75 years: >900 pg/mL - >75 years: >1800 pg/mL

Flashcard 133: What bed-side investigation is done for acute heart failure? _____

Answer: ECG :)

Flashcard 134: Patients with acute _____ heart failure typically present with acute dyspnoea, orthopnea, lower extremity oedema, along with bilateral crackles / wheezing (known as cardiac asthma)

Answer: decompensated

Flashcard 135: What is the management for acute decompensated heart failure? _____ - most important intervention Modify medications Nitrates Oxygen Position

Answer: Loop diuretic (IV furosemide)

Flashcard 136: _____ is rapid onset of worsening symptoms of heart failure

Answer: Acute heart failure

Flashcard 137: Consider _____ in acute heart failure with reversible cardiogenic shock

Answer: inotropes e.g. dobutamine

Flashcard 138: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a YouTube link provided for clinical correlation? _____ [https://youtu.be/TvcU-WPrRkI]

Answer: Heart failure

Flashcard 139: Acute _____ heart failure occurs with pre-existing heart failure often precipitated by non-adehrence to HF medications, ACS, arrhythmia

Answer: decompensated

Flashcard 140: Acute heart failure often presents with a _____ or blood-tinged cough

Answer: frothy