Acute Medical Presentations — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: What is the initial imaging for acute heart failure? _____

Answer: CXR

Flashcard 132: Patients with acute _____ heart failure typically present with acute dyspnoea, orthopnea, lower extremity oedema, along with bilateral crackles / wheezing (known as cardiac asthma)

Answer: decompensated

Flashcard 133: Consider _____ in acute heart failure with reversible cardiogenic shock

Answer: inotropes e.g. dobutamine

Flashcard 134: Acute _____ heart failure occurs with pre-existing heart failure often precipitated by non-adehrence to HF medications, ACS, arrhythmia

Answer: decompensated

Flashcard 135: BNP > _____ pg/mL & NT-proBNP > 300 pg/mL rules in acute heart failure

Answer: 100

Extra: Note: While 300 pg/mL is the cut-off to rule out acute heart failure, age-adjusted NT-proBNP rule-in thresholds are: - <50 years: >450 pg/mL - 50-75 years: >900 pg/mL - >75 years: >1800 pg/mL

Flashcard 136: What is the gold standard investigation for acute heart failure?\n_____

Answer: Transthoracic Echocardiogram

Flashcard 137: Acute heart failure is categorised into _____ HF (~70%) and de novo HF (~15%)

Answer: acute decompensated

Flashcard 138: What is the management for acute decompensated heart failure? _____ - most important intervention Modify medications Nitrates Oxygen Position

Answer: Loop diuretic (IV furosemide)

Flashcard 139: Treat stable bradyarrhythmias with _____

Answer: observation

Flashcard 140: What are the life threatening features in bradyarrhythmia resuscitation? _____

Answer: 1. Shock (<90mmHg systole, pallor, sweating, cold) 2. Syncope 3. Myocardial ischaemia (chest pain, ↑ troponins) 4. Severe heart failure (severe pulmonary oedema, cyanosis)