Acute Medical Presentations — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Past history of _____ ↑ the risk of Parkinson's disease

Answer: traumatic brain injury

Flashcard 92: Peak incidence of toxic shock syndrome occurs in _____.

Answer: young females

Extra: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (TSST-1 toxin) or Streptococcus pyogenes. While tampon-associated TSS peaked in the 1980s, current epidemiology shows a more even distribution between menstrual and non-menstrual (surgical wounds, skin infections) causes. However, the classic 'peak incidence' demographic in exams remains young females.

Flashcard 93: Toxic shock syndrome can be caused by _____ in menstruation

Answer: high-absorbency tampons

Extra: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) in this context is usually caused by toxin-producing strains of **Staphylococcus aureus** (releasing **TSST-1**). It presents with high fever, rash, hypotension, and multi-organ involvement.

Flashcard 94: Toxic shock syndrome is a form of distributive shock that may affect the CNS, resulting in _____

Answer: confusion

Flashcard 95: Toxic shock syndrome is associated with _____ caused by group A Strep (GAS) infection of soft tissue

Answer: necrotising fasciitis

Flashcard 96: Superantigens result in a massive cytokine response causing _____ syndrome

Answer: toxic shock

Flashcard 97: _____ syndrome will present with sudden-onset high fever (>39°C), rash, and hypotension leading to multiorgan dysfunction

Answer: Toxic shock

Flashcard 98: Spot diagnosis = _____

Answer: toxic shock syndrome

Flashcard 99: _____ can occur from leaving a wound packing in too long, or a tampon in too long

Answer: Toxic shock syndrome

Flashcard 100: Broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. flucloxacillin) & _____ are 1st-line antibiotics in toxic shock syndrome

Answer: clindamycin