Chronic Paediatric Conditions — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by _____, impulsivity, & inattention for > 6 months

Answer: hyperactivity

Flashcard 72: Before starting ADHD medication (methylphenidate), a baseline _____ should only be performed if cardiac risk factors are present

Answer: ECG

Flashcard 73: The prognosis of ASD can be improved by _____

Answer: early diagnosis & assessment

Flashcard 74: What is the first-line management of ADHD? (3) _____

Answer: parent education/support programmes and CBT and/or social skills training

Flashcard 75: _____ is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction & communication, combined with repetitive interests & behaviour

Answer: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Flashcard 76: ADHD is more common in _____

Answer: boys

Flashcard 77: Symptoms of ADHD should be present in ≥ _____

Answer: two settings - e.g. school, home, or work

Flashcard 78: What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for irritability and associated behaviors (e.g., aggression, repetitive stereotypies) in ASD?\n_____

Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., Risperidone, Aripiprazole)

Extra: Risperidone and Aripiprazole are the only FDA-approved medications for irritability associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). SSRIs may be used for comorbid anxiety or OCD-like symptoms but are not first-line for core symptoms and carry a risk of behavioral activation.

Flashcard 79: What is the first step of a suspected ADHD diagnosis !before! referring to secondary care? _____

Answer: 10-week watchful waiting to see if symptoms persist

Flashcard 80: Other causes should be excluded to diagnose ADHD e.g. _____

Answer: absence seizures, learning difficulties, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, depression, & thyroid disorders