Pediatric Surgery Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Pediatric Surgery with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Pediatric Surgery Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: Button batteries and sharp objects in the esophagus mandate _____.
Answer: urgent endoscopic removal
Flashcard 22: What type of jejunoileal atresia is characterized by complete separation of the proximal and distal ends with a V-shaped mesenteric defect?
Answer: Type IIIa
Extra: Classification of Intestinal Atresia (Grosfeld):
- Type I: Mucosal diaphragm/web with intact bowel wall and mesentery.
- Type II: Two blind ends connected by a fibrous cord; mesentery is intact.
- Type IIIa: Complete separation of the blind ends with a V-shaped mesenteric defect.
- Type IIIb: "Apple-peel" deformity; distal bowel is coiled around a single feeding vessel (ileocolic or right colic artery).
- Type IV: Multiple atresias ("string of sausages" appearance).
Flashcard 23: _____ procedure, is used for managing Hirschsprung disease where aganglionic bowel is removed and a coloanal anastomosis is performed
Answer: Swenson
Flashcard 24: Dandy-Walker syndrome is managed by shunting the cystic cavity (if _____ is present).
Answer: hydrocephalus
Flashcard 25: In a child with bilateral non-palpable testes, if an hCG stimulation test results in an increase in testosterone, what is the next step in management?
Answer: Diagnostic laparoscopy (to locate the testes)
Extra: A rise in testosterone after hCG stimulation confirms the presence of functioning testicular tissue. Diagnostic laparoscopy is then performed to locate the testes (intra-abdominal vs. inguinal).
Conversely, an elevated baseline FSH/LH with a failure of testosterone to rise after hCG stimulation suggests bilateral anorchia (Vanishing Testis Syndrome).
Flashcard 26: Most commonly occuring complication of undescended testes is increased risk of _____
Answer: inguinal hernia
Flashcard 27: In the paediatric age group, needle decompression (needle thoracostomy) location remains at _____ ICS midclavicular line
Answer: 2nd
Flashcard 28: If laparoscopy for a non-palpable testis reveals blind-ending vessels, what is the diagnosis and the next step?
Answer: Diagnosis: Monorchia (vanishing testis)
Next step: No further exploration required
Extra: Laparoscopic findings in non-palpable testis:
1. Blind-ending vessels: Confirms monorchia; no further exploration is needed.
2. Vessels/vas entering the internal ring: Suggests the testis is in the inguinal canal; proceed with inguinal exploration.
3. Intra-abdominal testis: Proceed with orchiopexy (e.g., Fowler-Stephens procedure).
Flashcard 29: Which type of jejunoileal atresia is characterized by two blind ends connected by a fibrous cord and an intact mesentery?
Answer: Type II
Extra: Grosfeld Classification of Jejunoileal Atresia:
- **Type I:** Internal web/diaphragm, intact bowel wall and mesentery.
- **Type II:** Blind ends connected by a fibrous cord, intact mesentery.
- **Type IIIa:** Disconnected blind ends with a V-shaped mesenteric defect.
- **Type IIIb:** 'Apple-peel' deformity (distal bowel wrapped around a single mesenteric artery).
- **Type IV:** Multiple segmental atresias ('string of sausages').
Flashcard 30: Orchidopexy is usually performed in a case of undescended testes, before the boy reaches _____ months of age
Answer: 12
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