General Surgery Principles — Flashcards

Flashcard 61: Name the surgical instrument used for removing small pieces of bone or soft tissue.

Answer: Bone nibbler (Rongeur)

Extra: A bone nibbler (or Rongeur) is used in orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and maxillofacial surgery to remove small fragments of bone or shape bone edges. It is characterized by its heavy-duty handle and sharp, scoop-shaped tip.

Flashcard 62: Which surgical instrument is used for scooping out bone or creating a groove in bone?

Answer: Bone gouge

Extra: A bone gouge is a surgical instrument with a curved, trough-like blade used to scoop out cancellous bone or create grooves in bone (e.g., for bone grafting or sequestrectomy). It differs from a chisel, which has a flat blade.

Flashcard 63: Which extracorporeal sliding knot used in laparoscopic surgery is a modification of the Roeder knot?

Answer: Meltzer's knot

Flashcard 64: _____ mode is used in monopolar cautery with low power alternate waveforms (bursts)

Answer: Coagulation

Extra: Electrosurgery modes are defined by their waveforms: - **Cutting mode:** Continuous (undamped), low-voltage, high-current waveform. Produces rapid heating and vaporization. - **Coagulation mode:** Interrupted (damped/bursts), high-voltage, low-current waveform. - **Desiccation:** Clinical effect when the electrode is in direct contact with tissue. - **Fulguration:** Clinical effect when the electrode is held at a distance, allowing sparks to jump (arcing). Note: While 'Coagulation' is the mode/waveform, 'Desiccation' is a clinical effect. Desiccation on some modern generators may actually use a continuous waveform, but standard exam questions link 'bursts/interrupted' waves to the 'Coagulation' mode.

Flashcard 65: A foley's tube with a _____ coloured ring has size 18FR/CH

Answer: red

Flashcard 66: Which self-retaining retractor is commonly used in superficial surgeries (e.g., hernia repair) and features a thumb-screw adjustment mechanism?

Answer: Travers' retractor

Flashcard 67: Applying intermittent negative pressure of approximately -_____ mmHg is the principle of negative pressure wound therapy

Answer: 125

Flashcard 68: What suture pattern consists of individual stitches that are each tied and cut separately?

Answer: Interrupted

Flashcard 69: _____ mode is used in monopolar cautery with high power alternate waveforms (bursts)

Answer: Fulguration

Flashcard 70: Harmonic scalpels can divide arteries and veins up to _____ mm in diameter

Answer: 5 mm