General Surgery Principles — Flashcards

Flashcard 101: What surgical knot is formed by adding a third throw (half-hitch) to a standard square knot to increase security?

Answer: Extra half-hitch on square

Extra: A standard square knot consists of two throws. For increased security, especially with synthetic monofilament sutures, a third throw (extra half-hitch) is added to the square knot.

Flashcard 102: Dry gangrene is a type of class _____ wound

Answer: 4 (Dirty-Infected)

Extra: Surgical Wound Classification (CDC/ACS): - **Class I (Clean):** Uninfected operative wound; no inflammation; respiratory, alimentary, genital, or uninfected urinary tracts not entered. - **Class II (Clean-Contaminated):** Alimentary, respiratory, genital, or urinary tracts entered under controlled conditions and without unusual contamination. - **Class III (Contaminated):** Open, fresh, accidental wounds; gross spillage from the GI tract; acute non-purulent inflammation. - **Class IV (Dirty-Infected):** Old traumatic wounds with retained devitalized tissue (e.g., **gangrene**); clinical infection; perforated viscera.

Flashcard 103: Bipolar cautery has only _____ mode

Answer: coagulation

Flashcard 104: _____ femoral hernia occurs through a gap in lacunar (Gimbernat) ligament

Answer: Laugier's hernia

Flashcard 105: _____ incisional hernias are classified as L2 according to the European Hernia society

Answer: Flank

Flashcard 106: All sutures are sterilized using ethylene oxide except _____

Answer: catgut

Flashcard 107: _____ incisional hernias are classified as M2 according to the European Hernia society

Answer: Epigastric

Flashcard 108: _____ incisional hernias are classified as M5 according to the European Hernia society

Answer: Suprapubic

Flashcard 109: Richter hernia is most commonly seen in _____ hernia

Answer: femoral

Flashcard 110: What is the best treatment for Hidradenitis suppurativa?_____

Answer: Surgery