Neurophysiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Injury to the brainstem or the spinal cord above the _____ level can be rapidly fatal due to the disruption of cardiorespiratory regulation and diaphragmatic function.

Answer: C4

Extra: The phrenic nerve (C3-C5) innervates the diaphragm ("C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive"). Injuries above the C4 level lead to respiratory paralysis. Brainstem (medullary) injuries can damage the vital respiratory and cardiovascular centers.

Flashcard 92: Autonomics _____ acetylcholine receptors are found on autonomic ganglia

Answer: Nicotinic

Flashcard 93: The neurogenic symptoms of hypoglycemia are caused by _____ activation and are mediated via neurotransmitters from sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers

Answer: sympathoadrenal

Flashcard 94: Priming and perceptual nondeclarative memory is stored in the _____

Answer: neocortex

Flashcard 95: Layers of the cerebellum:Stellate, basket, Golgi and Purkinje cells release _____ at their endings.

Answer: GABA (neurotransmitter)

Flashcard 96: _____ receptors are involved in long-term potentiation.

Answer: NMDA

Flashcard 97: What is the principle of transcranial magnetic stimulation?_____

Answer: Neuronal stimulation by eddy currents

Flashcard 98: The _____ bladder is controlled by the sacral reflex center of the bladder.

Answer: Automatic (Reflex) bladder

Flashcard 99: The third order neurons of the _____-spinothalamic pathway project to frontal lobe, limbic cortex and insula

Answer: paleo

Flashcard 100: Neurotransmitter involved in paleo-spinothalamic pain pathway is _____

Answer: substance P