Gastrointestinal System — Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Gastrointestinal System with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Gastrointestinal System Flashcard Deck - 58 Cards

Flashcard 1: _____ tolerance test is used to estimate liver function.

Answer: Galactose

Flashcard 2: _____ stimulation increases H+ secretion indirectly via binding of GRP to G cells

Answer: Vagal

Flashcard 3: _____ is secreted by the PD-1 cells of the gastric mucosa

Answer: Ghrelin

Flashcard 4: One function of secretin is to _____ gastric acid secretion and increase pyloric sphincter contraction

Answer: decrease

Flashcard 5: In the duodenum, B12 dissociates from R-binder via _____ and attaches to intrinsic factor

Answer: pancreatic proteases

Flashcard 6: In the stomach, dietary vitamin B12 is bound to the protein _____, which is secreted from the salivary glands

Answer: R-binder

Flashcard 7: The rate of gastric emptying is decreased primarily by _____ and H+ in the duodenum

Answer: fats

Flashcard 8: _____ is a hormone that initiates migrating motor complexes (MMCs) at 90-minute intervals between meals

Answer: Motilin

Flashcard 9: What is the main immune defence against Giardia? _____ produced by Peyers Patches in the GI

Answer: IgA

Flashcard 10: K+ is actively _____ in the large intestine

Answer: secreted

Flashcard 11: Secretin is secreted in response to _____ and fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum

Answer: H+

Flashcard 12: The _____ cells modify the initial saliva via absorption of Na+ and Cl-

Answer: ductal

Flashcard 13: _____ is secreted from G cells in the antrum of the stomach and the duodenum

Answer: Gastrin

Flashcard 14: Cholera toxin permanently activates _____ of GI mucosal cells, resulting in Cl- ion secretion and 'rice water' diarrhea

Answer: Gs

Flashcard 15: _____ cells are located in the body of the stomach and secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Answer: Parietal

Flashcard 16: An increase in cAMP from cholera toxin opens the CFTR channel, _____ Cl- ion secretion into the intestinal lumen

Answer: increasing

Flashcard 17: At _____ flow rates, the pancreatic secretions have high Cl- concentration

Answer: low

Flashcard 18: Defecation reflex: 2._____ motor nerve fibres carry information from the spinal cord to the internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle)

Answer: Involuntary

Flashcard 19: Phase _____ of MMC consists of the quiescent period

Answer: I

Flashcard 20: At _____ flow rates, the pancreatic secretions have high HCO3- concentration

Answer: high

Flashcard 21: Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is dependent on the _____ and pancreas

Answer: gut

Flashcard 22: Histamine binds to _____ receptors on parietal cells, causing increased H+ secretion

Answer: H2

Flashcard 23: Mucosal defenses include secretion of _____, HCO3-, and normal blood supply

Answer: mucus

Flashcard 24: MMCs migrate from the _____ to the distal ileum at a rate of about 5 cm/min

Answer: stomach

Flashcard 25: Of the amino acids, _____ and tryptophan are the most potent stimuli for gastrin secretion

Answer: phenylalanine

Flashcard 26: The _____ cells of salivary glands secrete the initial saliva, which is iso-tonic and in similar composition to plasma

Answer: acinar

Flashcard 27: One function of gastrin is to increase growth of _____ and parietal cells

Answer: gastric mucosa

Flashcard 28: _____ is released from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the gastric mucosa

Answer: Histamine

Flashcard 29: Phase _____ of MMC ends with bursts of regular activity

Answer: III

Flashcard 30: Gastric HCl secretion during the _____ phase is mediated by vagal stimulation only

Answer: cephalic

Flashcard 31: Defecation reflex: 3._____ fibres carry information from the spinal cord to the external anal sphincter (skeletal muscle)

Answer: Pudendal nerve

Flashcard 32: Cholecystokinin secretion is stimulated by _____ and amino acids

Answer: fatty acids

Flashcard 33: Increased Cl- secretion from CFTR due to cholera toxin results in decreased _____ absorption, thus H2O diffuses into the intestinal lumen

Answer: Na+

Flashcard 34: Slow waves of the GI tract are produced via cyclic opening of _____ channels (depolarization), followed by opening of K+ channels (repolarization)

Answer: Ca2+

Flashcard 35: Acute gastritis may arise with increased _____ due to increased vagal stimulation, which increases H+ production

Answer: ICP

Flashcard 36: _____ is secreted from S cells in the duodenum

Answer: Secretin

Flashcard 37: Vagal stimulation increases H+ secretion directly via binding of _____ to M3 receptors on parietal cells

Answer: acetylcholine

Flashcard 38: Pepsinogen is secreted in response to _____ and local H+

Answer: vagal stimulation

Flashcard 39: _____ is secreted from I cells in the duodenum and the jejunum

Answer: Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Flashcard 40: _____ is secreted from K cells in the duodenum and jejunum

Answer: Glucose-insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

Flashcard 41: _____ is secreted from D cells in the GI mucosa

Answer: Somatostatin

Flashcard 42: Gastrin secretion is _____ by high pH of gastric contents

Answer: stimulated

Flashcard 43: Vagal stimulation is a potent direct activator of parietal cells (H+ secretion) via binding of the neurotransmitter _____ to M3 receptors

Answer: ACh

Flashcard 44: Gastrin secretion is _____ by low pH of gastric contents

Answer: inhibited

Flashcard 45: Fluid secretion in the GI tract occurs when the _____ is stimulated, activating adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP production and opening the CFTR channel allowing Cl- ion secretion

Answer: Gs protein

Flashcard 46: _____-rings represent a physiological contraction of esophageal smooth muscle covered by mucosa.

Answer: A

Flashcard 47: At least _____% of the pancreas needs to be dysfunctional before malabsorption symptoms manifest.

Answer: 90

Flashcard 48: What type of diarrhoea ceases with fasting?_____

Answer: Osmotic

Flashcard 49: Physiological jaundice usually occurs because of _____ bilirubin

Answer: unconjugated

Flashcard 50: The first urge to defecate occurs when rectal pressure is increased to _____ mm Hg.

Answer: 18

Flashcard 51: When the rectal pressure reaches _____ mm Hg, the external and the internal sphincter relax, and there is reflex expulsion of the contents of the rectum.

Answer: 55

Flashcard 52: Defecation reflex: 1.Sensory nerve fibres carry information from the stimulation of _____ receptors in the rectum at 55mmHg, to the spinal cord

Answer: stretch

Flashcard 53: Viral hepatitis is an intrahepatic cause of jaundice, due to impairment in _____ of conjugated bilirubin into bile.

Answer: secretion

Flashcard 54: In starvation the gall bladder is _____.

Answer: distended

Flashcard 55: When food leaves the stomach, the cecum relaxes, and the passage of chyme through the ileocecal valve increases and this is called _____ reflex

Answer: gastroileal

Flashcard 56: Pentagastrin stimulation in a patient of chronic gastritis will show a _____ in gastric acid secretion

Answer: decrease

Flashcard 57: Motilin is secreted by the _____ cells

Answer: Mo

Flashcard 58: The absence of vagal input to the esophagus will result in the elimination of _____ peristalsis of esophagus.

Answer: primary

Keywords: Gastrointestinal System flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards

Study by Chapter

Gastrointestinal Motility

Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Secretions

Flashcards

Digestion and Absorption

Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Hormones

Flashcards

Hepatobiliary Physiology

Flashcards

Pancreatic Exocrine Function

Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Circulation

Flashcards

Intestinal Immune System

Flashcards

Gut Microbiome

Flashcards

Regulation of Food Intake

Flashcards

Want unlimited flashcards?

Get full access to all flashcards, spaced repetition, and progress tracking.

Start For Free