Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism and Excretion — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Me-too drugs are chemically related to the prototype or other chemical compounds that have an identical _____

Answer: mechanism of action

Flashcard 2: Which "-flurane" drug undergoes maximum metabolism by our body?_____

Answer: Methoxyflurane

Flashcard 3: Schedule _____ drugs are marketed under generic name only

Answer: W

Flashcard 4: When the rate of drug **administration** equals the rate of drug **elimination**, the drug has reached _____ concentration.

Answer: Steady-state concentration (Css)

Extra: Steady-state is achieved when the rate of drug administration (input) equals the rate of drug elimination (output). It typically takes 4–5 half-lives (t½) to reach steady-state. Formula for IV infusion: $Css = \frac{Rate\ of\ infusion}{Clearance}$

Flashcard 5: Cytochrome p450 is a _____-oxygenase

Answer: mono (di/mono)

Flashcard 6: Barbiturates are an _____ of cytochrome P450 and thus may have many drug interactions

Answer: inducer

Flashcard 7: Time for peak plasma concentration (Tmax) of a drug indicates the rate of _____ from the administered site.

Answer: absorption

Flashcard 8: Freeze-sensitive vaccines include _____.

Answer: Hepatitis B, DPT, TT, Hib, PCV, and IPV

Extra: Freeze-sensitive vaccines (those containing aluminum adjuvants) lose potency if frozen. Examples include Hepatitis B, DPT, TT, Hib, PCV, and IPV. If freezing is suspected, the **Shake Test** is performed to determine if the vaccine is still usable. **Note:** Heat-sensitive vaccines (like OPV and Measles) are usually stored in the freezer compartment at the district level but are not "freeze-sensitive" in terms of damage; rather, they are "freeze-stable."

Flashcard 9: rubella vaccine(MMR) uses _____ strain

Answer: wistar RA27/3

Extra: 

Flashcard 10: Td vaccine contains _____ Lf units of diphtheria content

Answer: 2

Extra: Td (Tetanus and reduced-dose diphtheria) vaccine contains: - Tetanus Toxoid: 5 Lf - Diphtheria Toxoid: 2 Lf (The lowercase 'd' denotes reduced dose compared to 20-30 Lf in DPT/DT).