Sedative-Hypnotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Diphenhydramine and meclizine (1st generation H1 receptor blockers) may cause significant _____ and have significant anti-muscarinic properties

Answer: sedation

Flashcard 2: Benzodiazepines are useful for treating _____ and sleepwalking by decreasing N3 and REM sleep

Answer: night terrors

Flashcard 3: The three nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are _____, Zaleplon, and esZopiclone

Answer: Zolpidem

Flashcard 4: _____ is a new GABAA receptor agonist, which combines the properties of two unique drugs: Midazolam and remifentanyl

Answer: Remimazolam

Flashcard 5: The _____-acting benzodiazepines may be remembered with the mnemonic 'ATOM': A: Alprazolam T: Triazolam O: Oxazepam M: Midazolam

Answer: short

Flashcard 6: Carbamazepine is an _____ of cytochrome P450 and thus may have many drug interactions

Answer: inducer

Flashcard 7: All barbiturates (thiopentone, thiamylal, methohexital) other than _____ are metabolized by liver

Answer: phenobarbitone

Flashcard 8: Besides CNS depression, side effects of barbiturates include _____ and respiratory depression, which can be fatal

Answer: cardiac

Flashcard 9: Sodium valproate mechanism of action: 1. Blocks voltage-gated _____ channels. 2. Increases the concentration of GABA in the brain. 3. Inhibits T-type calcium (Ca2+) channels.

Answer: sodium (Na+)

Extra: Sodium valproate is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant used for generalized (including absence) and focal seizures. It increases GABA levels by inhibiting GABA transaminase and stimulating glutamic acid decarboxylase. It also inhibits T-type Ca2+ channels in the thalamus, which explains its efficacy in absence seizures.

Flashcard 10: The given plant is? _____

Answer: Erythroxylum coca