Opioid Analgesics — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych_____ is a local anesthetic that is associated with severe cardiovascular toxicity

Answer: Bupivacaine

Flashcard 2: What is the treatment for cocaine intoxication? _____ (Avoid β-blockers due to unopposed α-stimulation)

Answer: Benzodiazepines

Extra: Beta-blockers are contraindicated in cocaine toxicity because they lead to unopposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation, which can cause or worsen severe hypertension and coronary artery vasoconstriction. Benzodiazepines are the first-line treatment to manage agitation, seizures, and cardiovascular symptoms.

Flashcard 3: The side effects of ethosuximide may be remembered with the letters of the alphabet "EFGHIJ": E: Ethosuximide F: _____ G: GI distress H: Headache I: Itching/urticaria J: Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer: Fatigue

Flashcard 4: Neuromodulators typically have actions that are _____ than neurotransmitters.

Answer: slower (faster/slower)

Flashcard 5: Adverse effects of ropinirole include nausea, drowsiness, and _____

Answer: hallucinations

Flashcard 6: Neurotransmitter receptors that act through _____ are called ionotropic receptors.

Answer: ion channels

Flashcard 7: Sodium valproate mechanism of action: 1. Blocks voltage-gated _____ channels. 2. Increases the concentration of GABA in the brain. 3. Inhibits T-type calcium (Ca2+) channels.

Answer: sodium (Na+)

Extra: Sodium valproate is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant used for generalized (including absence) and focal seizures. It increases GABA levels by inhibiting GABA transaminase and stimulating glutamic acid decarboxylase. It also inhibits T-type Ca2+ channels in the thalamus, which explains its efficacy in absence seizures.

Flashcard 8: The given plant is? _____

Answer: Erythroxylum coca

Flashcard 9: tetanospasmin blocks _____

Answer: presynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter release

Extra: 

Flashcard 10: The three nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are _____, Zaleplon, and esZopiclone

Answer: Zolpidem