Autonomic Nervous System Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The following is a flower of? _____

Answer: Atropa belladonna

Flashcard 2: The image shows _____ fruit, where the active principle is atropine, scopolamine and hyoscyamine

Answer: Datura

Flashcard 3: malathion effect lasts for _____ time

Answer: 3 months

Extra: 

Flashcard 4: Specific adverse effects of timolol: allergic _____ and punctal stenosis

Answer: blepharoconjunctivitis

Flashcard 5: Tiotropium, Glycopyrronium, Umeclidinium and Aclidinium are _____-acting M3 antagonists

Answer: long

Flashcard 6: Autonomics ( drugs) Adverse effects of selective 2 antagonists (e.g. mirtazapine) include sedation, _____ appetite, and increased serum cholesterol

Answer: increased

Flashcard 7: Administration of -blockers for cocaine intoxication causes extreme _____ (BP) due to unopposed 1 activation

Answer: hypertension

Flashcard 8: Hyoscyamine and dicyclomine are _____ antagonists used as antispasmodics

Answer: muscarinic

Flashcard 9: Antimuscarinics _____ is found in belladona flowers and jimson weed, which are natural antimuscarinic alkaloids

Answer: Atropine

Flashcard 10: Latanoprost and Bimatoprost are long acting _____ mimics that can be used to treat open angle glaucoma

Answer: PGF2a

Flashcard 11: One adverse effect associated with selective _____ adrenergic antagonists is 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension

Answer: 1

Flashcard 12: One adverse effect of anti-muscarinics is _____, especially in infants

Answer: hyperthermia

Flashcard 13: The smooth muscle of the conducting airways of the lung _____ in response to parasympathetic activation of muscarinic receptors

Answer: constrict

Flashcard 14: drugs_____ is used pre-operatively to prevent hypertensive crisis during removal of a pheochromocytoma

Answer: Phenoxybenzamine

Flashcard 15: Bethanechol activates _____ and bladder smooth muscle

Answer: bowel

Flashcard 16: Activation of the _____ adrenergic receptor can inhibit neurotransmitter release from presynaptic sites

Answer: 2

Flashcard 17: Pyridostigmine, neostigmine, and edrophonium are _____ amines and thus do NOT penetrate the CNS

Answer: quaternary

Flashcard 18: Activation of the _____ adrenergic receptor causes veno-constriction

Answer: 1

Flashcard 19: Adverse effects of anti-muscarinics include _____ eyes and mouth

Answer: dry

Flashcard 20: What is used to reverse non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade?_____ plus atropine

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Flashcard 21: _____ incontinence may be treated with M3 antagonists or 3 agonists

Answer: Urgency

Flashcard 22: Carbachol contracts _____ muscle, which may be used to treat closed-angle glaucoma

Answer: pupillary sphincter

Flashcard 23: Physostigmine is a _____ amine and thus DOES penetrate the CNS

Answer: tertiary

Flashcard 24: Tiotropium and ipratropium are inhalational anticholinergics relatively contraindicated in:1. _____2. Urinary retention

Answer: Glaucoma (Acute angle closure glaucoma)

Flashcard 25: _____ is an exotoxin from Clostridium botulinum that cleaves SNARE proteins required for neurotransmitter release.

Answer: Botulinum Toxin

Flashcard 26: _____ is commonly referred to as deadly nightshade.

Answer: Atropa belladona

Flashcard 27: Autonomics _____ adrenergic antagonists may be used to treat urinary symptoms of BPH

Answer: 1

Flashcard 28: Anti-muscarinics cause hyperthermia due to inhibition of _____ via antagonism of M3 receptors

Answer: sweat glands

Flashcard 29: The _____ and 2 adrenergic receptors are coupled to Gs

Answer: 1

Flashcard 30: Activation of the _____ adrenergic receptor increases mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer: 1

Flashcard 31: Autonomics _____ is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used as long-acting treatment for myasthenia gravis

Answer: Pyridostigmine

Flashcard 32: Mirabegron is a sympathomimetic that _____ Beta-3 receptors

Answer: stimulates

Flashcard 33: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( blockers) -blockers may cause unopposed 1 agonism if given alone for _____ toxicity or pheochromocytoma

Answer: cocaine

Flashcard 34: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics_____ is an alpha-1 agonist indicated for postural hypotension and autonomic insufficiency

Answer: Midodrine

Flashcard 35: Adverse effects of long-acting 2 agonists (e.g. salmeterol, formoterol) include _____ and arrhythmia

Answer: tremor

Flashcard 36: Autonomics_____ is a non-selective irreversible 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Answer: Phenoxybenzamine

Flashcard 37: Adverse effects of anti-muscarinics on the eye and its muscles (not including glands) include _____ and cycloplegia

Answer: mydriasis

Flashcard 38: Activation of _____ adrenergic receptors causes broncho-dilation

Answer: 2

Flashcard 39: Histamine causes arteriolar _____ and venous constriction

Answer: dilation

Flashcard 40: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning causes _____ due to NMJ nicotinic ACh receptor overactivation

Answer: flaccid paralysis

Flashcard 41: Pharmacology: Autonomics _____ acetylcholine receptors are found on the adrenal gland

Answer: Nicotinic

Flashcard 42: At _____ doses, dopamine stimulates 1 receptors

Answer: high

Flashcard 43: Organophosphate toxicity may be treated with _____, which is a competitive inhibitor at muscarinic receptors only

Answer: atropine

Flashcard 44: _____ outflow of aqueous humor is increased with M3 agonists

Answer: Trabecular

Flashcard 45: Selective _____ agonists, such as albuterol, treat bronchoconstriction in asthma

Answer: 2

Flashcard 46: At _____ levels, dopamine causes vaso-dilation of renal arterioles and interlobular arteries

Answer: low

Flashcard 47: Oxybutynin and tolterodine primarily affect the _____ (organ system) via inhibition of M3 muscarinic receptors

Answer: genitourinary system

Flashcard 48: Autonomics _____ is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that may be used to treat atropine overdose

Answer: Physostigmine

Flashcard 49: Activation of _____ adrenergic receptors on ciliary bodies causes decreased aqueous humor production

Answer: 2

Flashcard 50: Autonomics ( drugs)_____ is an 2 agonist that may be used to treat ADHD that is refractory to treatment with stimulants

Answer: Clonidine

Flashcard 51: At _____ doses, dopamine stimulates D1 receptors, especially in the renal vasculature

Answer: low

Flashcard 52: Autonomics ( drugs)_____ is an 2 agonist that may be used to treat Tourette's syndrome

Answer: Clonidine

Flashcard 53: Succinylcholine is a strong ACh receptor _____ that produces sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction

Answer: agonist

Flashcard 54: Cholinomimetics _____ muscarinic receptors are found in the - CNS - ENS

Answer: M1

Flashcard 55: Pilocarpine contracts the _____ muscle, which may be used to treat open-angle glaucoma

Answer: ciliary

Flashcard 56: The _____ adrenergic receptor is coupled to Gi

Answer: 2

Flashcard 57: methyldopa is an _____ adrenergic agonist that primary affects the CNS (organ system)

Answer: 2

Flashcard 58: The effects of _____ toxicity may be remembered with the mnemonic "DUMBBELSS": D: diarrhea U: urination M: miosis B: bronchospasm B: bradycardia/bradypnea E: excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS L: lacrimation S: salivation S: sweating

Answer: cholinergic

Flashcard 59: Activation of _____ adrenergic receptors causes decreased diastolic blood pressure

Answer: 2

Flashcard 60: _____ inhibits Acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in lack of muscle contraction

Answer: Botulinum toxin

Flashcard 61: A useful adjunct therapy for hyperthyroidism is a _____ blocking agent, such as propranolol

Answer: beta-adrenergic

Flashcard 62: Cholinomimetics _____ muscarinic receptors are found in the atria, SA node, and AV node of the heart

Answer: M2

Flashcard 63: Activation of _____ adrenergic receptors causes increased platelet aggregation

Answer: 2

Flashcard 64: Cholinomimetics _____ Ach receptors are G-protein coupled receptors

Answer: Muscarinic

Flashcard 65: Clonidine is an _____-adrenergic agonist that primary affects the CNS (organ system)

Answer: 2

Flashcard 66: The non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents are competitive _____ receptor antagonists

Answer: ACh

Flashcard 67: Activation of _____ adrenergic receptors inhibits lipolysis and release of fatty acids

Answer: 2

Flashcard 68: _____ is a beta 2 receptor agonist that has uterine relaxing property

Answer: Orciprenaline

Flashcard 69: Autonomics _____ is a non-selective reversible 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Answer: Phentolamine

Flashcard 70: Scopolamine primarily affects the _____ (organ system) via inhibition of M1 muscarinic receptors

Answer: CNS

Flashcard 71: Bethanechol is a cholinomimetic agent used to treat post-operative and neurogenic ileus

Answer:

Flashcard 72: The _____ adrenergic receptor is coupled to Gq

Answer: 1

Flashcard 73: _____ is a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor that is approved for lowering Intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Answer: Netarsudil

Flashcard 74: Antihistamines_____ generation H1 receptor antagonists may cause dizziness (vestibular) and hypotension (blood pressure) due to anti-1-adrenergic effects

Answer: 1st

Flashcard 75: _____ is a selective 1A/D receptor antagonist used to treat BPH

Answer: Tamsulosin

Flashcard 76: Wine and aged cheese contain the sympathomimetic _____, which is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A

Answer: tyramine

Flashcard 77: Autonomics (blockers) _____-adrenergic blockers can be used for migraine prophylaxis

Answer: beta

Flashcard 78: _____ -adrenergic antagonists cause K+ to shift into cells, causing hypokalemia

Answer: Alpha

Flashcard 79: _____ -adrenergic agonists cause K+ to shift out of cells, causing hyperkalemia

Answer: Alpha

Flashcard 80: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( blockers) _____ is a -blocker that is associated with dyslipidemia as an adverse effect

Answer: Metoprolol

Flashcard 81: Isoproterenol acts on _____ and 2 adrenergic receptors

Answer: 1

Flashcard 82: Terbutaline and ritodrine are _____ receptor agonists that are used to relax uterine smooth muscle

Answer: 2

Flashcard 83: Autonomics _____ are a type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor found in many insectisides

Answer: Organophosphates

Flashcard 84: Activation of the _____ adrenergic receptor causes decreased levels of intracellular cAMP

Answer: 2

Flashcard 85: At _____ doses, epinephrine primarily activates alpha adrenergic receptors

Answer: high

Flashcard 86: Glycopyrrolate is used preoperatively to reduce _____ (when given orally) and to reduce airway secretions (when given parenterally)

Answer: drooling

Flashcard 87: _____ adrenergic agonists cause K+ to shift into cells, causing hypokalemia

Answer: Beta

Flashcard 88: Pilocarpine contracts _____ muscle, which may be used to treat closed-angle glaucoma

Answer: pupillary sphincter

Flashcard 89: Treating an organophosphate poisoning is two fold; _____ which inhibits all subtypes of muscarinic receptors, and Pralidoxime, which if given early - regenerates AChE

Answer: Atropine

Flashcard 90: In healthy patients, M3 receptor activation indirectly causes vaso-_____ via release of nitric oxide

Answer: dilation

Flashcard 91: Prior to removal of a pheochromocytoma, irreversible _____, such as phenoxybenzamine are administered, followed by beta-blockers

Answer: alpha-antagonists

Flashcard 92: _____ -adrenergic antagonists cause K+ to shift out of cells, causing hyperkalemia

Answer: Alpha

Flashcard 93: At _____ doses, epinephrine primarily activates beta adrenergic receptors

Answer: low

Flashcard 94: Activation of adrenergic receptors causes _____ levels of intracellular cAMP

Answer: increased

Flashcard 95: Which AchE inhibitors are associated with histamine release?_____

Answer: Atracurium and tubocurarine

Flashcard 96: The following is a flower of? _____

Answer: Atropa belladonna

Flashcard 97: Muscle relaxant causing pain on IV injection site is _____

Answer: Rocuronium

Flashcard 98: Which two -blockers are non-selective 1- and -antagonists? _____

Answer: Labetalol and carvedilol

Flashcard 99: Which muscle relaxants cause sympathetic stimulation and have vagolytic activity?_____

Answer: Gallamine, Rocuronium and Pancuronium

Flashcard 100: Which drugs for POAG decrease aqueous humor production?_____

Answer: CAIs, alpha-2 agonists (brimonidine, apraclonidine), beta-blockers

Flashcard 101: The cardiovascular effects of Ketamine are due to inhibition of central and peripheral _____ reuptake

Answer: catecholamine

Flashcard 102: Adrenaline in a concentration of _____ is added to local anesthetics, to provide adequate vasoconstriction

Answer: 1:200,000

Flashcard 103: OP poisoning causes a _____ pupil

Answer: constricted

Flashcard 104: On addition of phenylephrine/adrenaline, a _____ganglionic horner's pupil will dilate

Answer: post

Flashcard 105: The clinical effect of organophosphorus poisoning is due to the inhibition of _____

Answer: RBC cholinesterase.

Flashcard 106: Anticholinesterase causes _____ subcapsular cataract

Answer: anterior

Flashcard 107: Anisocoria that increases in bright light and does not respond to pilocarpine should point you to the diagnosis of _____

Answer: pharmacological mydriasis

Flashcard 108: Bimatoprost increases _____ outflow

Answer: both uveoscleral and trabecular

Flashcard 109: In a postganglionic Horner's syndrome, phenylephrine/apraclonidine drops _____ lead to dilation of the affected pupil

Answer: will (will/will not)

Flashcard 110: Which drugs for POAG increase trabecular outflow?_____

Answer: Pilocarpine (M3 agonists), Epinephrine, Dipivefrine and Bimatoprost (only prostaglandin) (4)

Flashcard 111: Which sympatholytic drugs are associated with exacerbation of psoriasis?_____

Answer: Beta-blockers

Flashcard 112: Muscle cramps in organophosphate poisoning occur due to stimulation of _____ receptors

Answer: nicotinic

Flashcard 113: Shortest acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant not approved by FDA is _____

Answer: gantacurium

Flashcard 114: Do Carbamates penetrate the CNS?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 115: Which drugs are the first line treatment for POAG?_____

Answer: Prostaglandin analogues>Topical beta-blockers

Flashcard 116: Shortest acting depolarizing muscle relaxant is _____

Answer: Succinylcholine

Flashcard 117: Mushroom poisoning will present with sign of _____pathetic excess

Answer: parasym

Flashcard 118: Shortest acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant approved by FDA is _____

Answer: mivacurium

Flashcard 119: _____ is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist used to correct pulmonary artery vasospasm when it causes severe right left shunting soon after birth.

Answer: Tolazoline

Flashcard 120: Name a selective topical beta-1 blocker for POAG that can be used in asthma: _____

Answer: Betaxolol

Flashcard 121: On addition of phenylephrine/adrenaline, a _____ganglionic horner's pupil will not dilate

Answer: pre

Flashcard 122: Dipivefrine and dopexamine are 2-adrenergic receptor _____

Answer: agonists

Flashcard 123: Which drugs for POAG increase uveoscleral outflow?_____

Answer: prostaglandin analogues (except bimatoprost), epinephrine, dipivefrine, alpha-2 agonists (brimonidine, apraclonidine) (4)

Flashcard 124: _____ causes skeletal muscle relaxation by blocking the transport of acetylcholine into its storage vesicle.

Answer: Vesamicol

Flashcard 125: Tacrine binds to the _____ site and malathion binds to the _____ site of the Acetylcholine esterase enzyme

Answer: anionic; esteratic

Flashcard 126: Botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine by inhibiting _____.

Answer: synaptobrevin

Flashcard 127: Drug of choice for pheochromocytoma -

Answer: Phenoxybenzamine

Flashcard 128: Drug of choice in treatment of myasthenia gravis is?

Answer: Pyridostigmine

Flashcard 129: Drug of choice for reversal of muscle relaxant after anaehesia

Answer: Neostigmine

Flashcard 130: Drug of choice for cheese reaction is

Answer: Phentolamine

Flashcard 131: Drug of choice for prophylaxis of motion sickness is

Answer: Scopolamine

Flashcard 132: Drug of choice for pheochromocytoma ?

Answer: Phenoxybenzamine

Flashcard 133: Drug of choice for hyperhidrosis is

Answer: Glycopyrrolate