Urinary Tract Obstruction and Stones — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is associated with granular "muddy brown" casts in the urine

Answer: Acute tubular necrosis

Flashcard 2: _____ kidney stones are characterized by urine crystals that are hexagonal in shape

Answer: Cystine

Flashcard 3: _____ abuse results in the production of ammonium urate stones

Answer: Laxative

Flashcard 4: _____ kidney stones are characterized by urine crystals in the shape of a coffin lid

Answer: Ammonium magnesium phosphate

Flashcard 5: _____ stone is a type of renal stone that is protein rich and associated with recurrent infections

Answer: Matrix

Flashcard 6: Ball on tee, Forniceal excavation, Lobster claw and Signet ring signs are all seen in _____

Answer: Renal papillary necrosis

Flashcard 7: The given immunoflorescence pattern is suggestive of _____:

Answer: Membranous nephropathy

Flashcard 8: Presence of yellow-colored spherical mass associated with tumor cells invading the renal vein is characteristic of _____ carcinoma

Answer: clear cell

Flashcard 9: _____ crystals on urine microscopy appear as spheres with radial or concentric striations and irregular projections or thorns, referred to as thorn apples

Answer: Ammonium biurate

Flashcard 10: The four major sites of immune complex deposits in glomerular diseases are _____, subendothelial, mesangial, and intramembranous.

Answer: subepithelial

Extra: Specific examples of deposit locations: - **Subepithelial**: Membranous nephropathy, PSGN (humps) - **Subendothelial**: SLE (Class III/IV), MPGN Type I - **Mesangial**: IgA nephropathy, SLE (Class II) - **Intramembranous**: MPGN Type II (Dense Deposit Disease)