Innate Immunity — Flashcards

_____ are cytosolic complexes that recognize products of dead cells (e.g., uric acid, ATP) and trigger the activation of caspase-1.

Toluidine blue and Leder stain (Chloracetate esterase) are special stains for _____ cells

Monocytosis (increased monocytes) is seen with chronic _____ states and malignancy

In the setting of chronic inflammation, macrophages can be activated to M1 macrophages by stimulation from _____ cells, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype

_____ is phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies done by macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblast cells.

The extrinsic (death receptor) pathway of apoptosis is initiated by _____ binding to CD95 or TNF binding to TNFR1.

LE cell is a phagocytic _____ or _____ that has engulfed the denatured nucleus of an injured cell

--- Do with heme ---\nType II Hypersensitivity Disorders - Cytotoxic:\nTransfusion Reaction\n- Antibody against _____\n- IgM isohemagglutinins formed naturally in response to bacterial flora cause opsonization and complement activation\n- Leads to hemolysis\n**Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis fetalis)\nAntibody = _____\n- Formed in _____ mother carrying _____ child\n- First pregnancy _____ (doesn't have to be viable pregnancy)\n- Antibody crosses placenta and injures subsequent fetuses\n- Prevent with _____ (anti-Rh, binds fetal red cells and prevents mothers immune system from reacting)\nABO blood typing and screening for other preformed Abs; always done in case of transplants.\nUniversal donor: type _____\nUniversal recipient: type _____\n(Ex) Type A can donate to _____ and _____. Type A can receive donations from _____ and _____.\n- Anti-B antibodies prevent donation from type B and type AB.\nHLA Typing - Microcytotoxicity test\nTests for MHC _____\nTest hundreds of different haplotypes to find a potential match.\nCells recognized by antibody will be attacked by complement and thus become leaky and take up dye.\nHLA Typing - Mixed lymphocyte reaction\nTests for MHC class _____\nTake donor cells and irradiate them (prevent proliferation). Irradiated donor cells are mixed with recipient cells to see if proliferation occurs.\nHigher radioactivity (thymidine) signifies _____ compatibility.

_____ cells are plasma cells characterized by the accumulation of multiple Russell bodies

_____ is caused by a defect in the BTK gene