Joints and Rheumatologic Diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the earliest pathological change seen in osteoarthritis?

Answer: Fibrillation of the articular cartilage

Extra: The earliest biochemical changes in osteoarthritis are increased water content and decreased proteoglycans. This leads to the earliest morphological (pathological) change, known as fibrillation (cracking and splitting of the superficial layers of cartilage).

Flashcard 2: _____ is a calcium staining technique used to distinguish osteoid from mineralized bone.

Answer: Von Kossa stain

Extra: The **Von Kossa stain** is used to identify mineralized bone (stains black due to silver reduction by phosphates/carbonates), helping distinguish it from the non-mineralized **osteoid**. Another important stain for this purpose is **Goldner's Trichrome**, which colors mineralized bone green and osteoid red. *Note: While Von Kossa is technically a stain for the anions (phosphates/carbonates) associated with calcium, it is the standard method for demonstrating mineralization.*

Flashcard 3: What is the age group associated with chondrosarcoma?_____

Answer: 40-50 year old

Flashcard 4: Rheumatoid arthritis can cause _____ arthritis

Answer: erosive (erosive/non-erosive)

Flashcard 5: In pseudoarthrosis, the central portion of the callus undergoes _____ degeneration

Answer: cystic

Flashcard 6: _____ is a disorder that is characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density, seen in conditions such as Renal osteodystrophy and Fluorosis

Answer: Osteosclerosis

Flashcard 7: Interosseous membrane ossification is characteristic of _____.

Answer: fluorosis

Flashcard 8: What type of rhabdomyosarcoma is shown in the given image? _____

Answer: Alveolar

Flashcard 9: What type of rhabdomyosarcoma is shown in the given image? _____

Answer: Botryoid

Flashcard 10: Tennis racket cells in light microscopy seen in _____

Answer: sarcoma botryoides