Diabetes Mellitus — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Hemoglobin SC and S-Thal disease have _____ severe ocular manifestations than HbSS

Answer: more

Flashcard 2: Copper wiring of blood vessels is seen in Grade _____ hypertensive retinopathy

Answer: II

Extra: ### Grading of Hypertensive Retinopathy (Keith-Wagener-Barker) - **Grade I:** Mild generalized arteriolar narrowing. - **Grade II:** Severe generalized narrowing, focal constriction, and **AV nicking** (Salus sign). - **Grade III:** Grade II + Flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and hard exudates. - **Grade IV:** Grade III + **Papilledema**. ### Arteriosclerotic Changes (Scheie Classification) - **Grade 1:** Broadening of the arteriolar light reflex. - **Grade 2:** **Copper wiring** of arterioles. - **Grade 3:** **Silver wiring** of arterioles. - **Grade 4:** Arteriolar sheathing.

Flashcard 3: Silver wiring of blood vessels and papilledema is seen in Grade _____ hypertensive retinopathy

Answer: IV

Flashcard 4: Pathognomonic sign of acute anterior uveitis is _____.

Answer: keratic precipitates (KP)

Flashcard 5: Vascular permeability in hypertensive retinopathy is _____

Answer: increased

Flashcard 6: What is the frequency of follow-up for type 1 and 2 diabetes for fundus examination?_____

Answer: Yearly

Flashcard 7: _____, with hard exudates surrounding the blood vessels is a rare adverse effect seen with thiazolidinediones

Answer: Diabetic macular edema

Flashcard 8: Congenital ectropion uveae and prominent corneal nerves are commonly seen in _____

Answer: neurofibromatosis type 1

Flashcard 9: Iris pearls are pearly-white iris nodules seen at the pupillary border of the iris in uveitis due to _____.

Answer: leprosy

Flashcard 10: Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome is associated with _____ appearance of fundus

Answer: sunset glow