Diseases of the Retina — Flashcards

Flashcard 201: The most common cause of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is _____.

Answer: embolism

Flashcard 202: Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is used as the treatment of _____ age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).

Answer: wet (dry/wet)

Flashcard 203: _____ would obscure the visualization of retinal vasculature and choroidal dye visualization on FFA.

Answer: Premacular hemorrhage/ Vitreous hemorrhage

Flashcard 204: _____ characteristically causes punched-out lesions in the retina.

Answer: Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome (POHS)

Extra: The classic triad of **Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome (POHS)** includes: 1. **Punched-out chorioretinal lesions** (Histo spots) 2. **Peripapillary atrophy** 3. **Maculopathy** (due to Choroidal Neovascularization) *Note: Toxoplasmosis typically presents as focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis ('headlight in the fog') and results in pigmented atrophic scars, but 'punched-out lesions' is the definitive characteristic descriptor for POHS in exams.*

Flashcard 205: Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is a manifestation of HSV or VZV that occurs in what type of individuals?

Answer: Immunocompromised individuals

Extra: Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is characteristically seen in patients with AIDS (usually CD4 < 50). It is most commonly caused by Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Unlike Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN), PORN typically lacks significant intraocular inflammation (vitritis).

Flashcard 206: Is photopsia seen in exudative retinal detachment?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 207: _____ flare and vitreous cells are seen in intermediate uveitis

Answer: Retrolental

Flashcard 208: Silver wiring of blood vessels and papilledema is seen in Grade _____ hypertensive retinopathy

Answer: IV

Flashcard 209: Chromophore regeneration occurs in the _____ cells.

Answer: retinal pigment epithelial

Flashcard 210: _____ is the most common hereditary fundus dystrophy

Answer: Retinitis pigmentosa