Diseases of the Retina — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Intermediate uveitis is also called as _____

Answer: Pars planitis

Flashcard 92: In _____ phase of FFA, arterioles are emptying and veins are filled

Answer: venous

Flashcard 93: _____ is the most common macular dystrophy.

Answer: Stargardt disease

Flashcard 94: Steroids are _____indicated in central serous retinopathy

Answer: contra

Flashcard 95: _____ tend to be the earliest sign of NP diabetic retinopathy

Answer: Microaneurysms

Flashcard 96: Retinal hemorrhages: "salmon patches," "iridescent spots," and "black sunbursts" are hallmarks of _____proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

Answer: non

Flashcard 97: A young male with recurrent vitreous hemorrhages points to the diagnosis of _____

Answer: Eales disease

Flashcard 98: _____ is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults.

Answer: Malignant melanoma

Flashcard 99: _____ may occur as a complication of retinal hypoxia in sickle cell retinopathy

Answer: Neovascularization (Sea-fan neovascularization)

Extra: In sickle cell retinopathy, peripheral retinal ischemia/hypoxia triggers the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to **neovascularization**. This marks the transition to Proliferative Sickle Cell Retinopathy (PSCR). **Goldberg Classification of PSCR:** 1. **Stage 1:** Peripheral arteriolar occlusion (leading to hypoxia) 2. **Stage 2:** Peripheral arteriolar-venular anastomoses 3. **Stage 3:** Preretinal neovascularization (**Sea-fan pattern**) 4. **Stage 4:** Vitreous hemorrhage 5. **Stage 5:** Tractional retinal detachment Note: While sickle cell disease is a risk factor for retinal vein occlusions (CRVO/BRVO) due to hyperviscosity, these are generally causes of hypoxia rather than complications arising *from* it in the context of the retinopathy progression.

Flashcard 100: The fundus in Eales disease may show peripheral periphlebitis and _____ occlusion

Answer: branch retinal vein