Rectocele and Enterocele — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Cystocele and rectocele occur due to damage to level _____ of DeLancey's levels of support

Answer: 2

Flashcard 2: _____vaginal fistulas, usually occur because of gynecological causes

Answer: Uretero

Flashcard 3: When the vaginal apex is protruding through the introitus, it is said to be a _____ degree prolapse

Answer: third

Extra: Traditional (Baden-Walker) Grading of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: - **1st degree**: Prolapse descends halfway to the hymen. - **2nd degree**: Prolapse extends to the level of the hymen/introitus. - **3rd degree**: Prolapse extends beyond/protrudes through the hymen. - **4th degree**: Total procidentia (complete eversion). *Note: In the POP-Q system, "Stages" (0-IV) are used instead of "degrees".*

Flashcard 4: Two vaginal procedures done for stress incontinence are _____ and Pacey's repair

Answer: Kelly's

Flashcard 5: In _____vaginal fistula, there is constant dribbling of urine without micturition

Answer: vesico

Flashcard 6: When the vaginal apex is visible at the introitus, it is said to be a _____ degree prolapse

Answer: 2nd degree (Stage 2)

Flashcard 7: The fixed anatomical landmark used as the reference point in the **Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system** is the _____.

Answer: hymen

Flashcard 8: Common surgical procedures for **Uterovaginal Prolapse**: - Fertility preservation: _____ - Completed family: Vaginal Hysterectomy (Ward-Mayo's) - Nulliparous prolapse: Sling operations (e.g., Shirodkar's/Purandare's)

Answer: Manchester (Fothergill's) operation

Flashcard 9: Mc Ardle index of >_____ is intolerable

Answer: 4.5

Extra: 

Flashcard 10: _____ incontinence is due to outlet incompetence (e.g. urethral hypermobility or intrinsic sphincter deficiency)

Answer: Stress