Maternal-Fetal Medicine — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: Oligohydramnios is when amniotic fluid index (AFI) is less than _____ cm or a single deepest vertical pocket (DVP) is less than 2 cm

Answer: 5

Flashcard 112: If the developing embryo splits in the blastocyst stage (4-8 days), the twins will be _____ and diamniotic (# of chorions and # of amniotic sacs)

Answer: monochorionic

Flashcard 113: _____ leads to a "frog-like" appearance of the fetus due to prominent eyes

Answer: Anencephaly

Flashcard 114: _____ is defined as preeclampsia with seizures

Answer: Eclampsia

Flashcard 115: During pregnancy, after _____ weeks, the woman should be switched back to heparin and continued till just before delivery

Answer: 36

Flashcard 116: Transplacental infection of _____ will present with hypertrophy of placenta

Answer: syphilis

Flashcard 117: Calcium supplementation in calcium-deficient mothers _____ the risk of preeclampsia.

Answer: decreases

Flashcard 118: _____receptors of the fetus are especially important for producing fetal heart late decelerations

Answer: Chemo

Extra: Chemoreceptors (peripheral and central) respond to fetal hypoxia and hypercapnia, triggering a reflex that results in late decelerations. In contrast, fetal heart rate accelerations are primarily sympathetic responses to fetal movement (somatic/proprioceptor stimulation).

Flashcard 119: What amniotic fluid volume indicates oligohydramnios in the 3rd trimester?

Answer: < 200 mL

Extra: Diagnostic criteria for Oligohydramnios: - Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI): ≤ 5 cm - Single Deepest Pocket (SDP): < 2 cm - Total volume: < 200 mL at term

Flashcard 120: Earliest sign of hydrops fetalis on USG is _____

Answer: Pericardial effusion

Extra: Hydrops fetalis is defined as the abnormal accumulation of fluid in 2 or more fetal compartments. The sequence of fluid accumulation is generally: 1. Polyhydramnios and Placentomegaly (often the very first signs) 2. **Pericardial effusion** (earliest evidence of serous effusion) 3. Ascites 4. Pleural effusion 5. Skin/Scalp edema (usually a later sign)