Bacteriology — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: Fermentation of sugars is indicated by _____ color on the TSI medium.

Answer: yellow

Flashcard 342: _____ is the most common bacteria causing atypical pneumonia

Answer: Mycoplasma

Flashcard 343: The protease of Vibrio cholerae disrupts the extracellular part of ____.

Answer: occludin

Flashcard 344: Gram-positive rod-shaped bacillus with _____ oval spores is suggestive of Clostridium botulinum.

Answer: subterminal

Flashcard 345: Gram-positive rod-shaped bacillus with _____ oval spores is suggestive of Clostridium botulinum.

Answer: subterminal

Extra: • **Clostridium botulinum**: Gram-positive rods with **subterminal, oval** spores. • **Clostridium tetani**: Gram-positive rods with **terminal, spherical** spores ("drumstick" appearance).

Flashcard 346: Melioidosis is also known as _____ disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Answer: Whitmore's

Flashcard 347: The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells are seen in the _____ phase of the bacterial growth curve

Answer: Decline (Death) phase

Extra: The **Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC)** state is a survival strategy where bacteria remain metabolically active but fail to grow on standard laboratory media. In the bacterial growth curve: 1. **Stationary Phase:** The number of culturable cells remains constant (growth rate = death rate). 2. **Decline (Death) Phase:** The number of culturable cells (CFU) decreases. However, the total microscopic count may remain higher than the culturable count because some cells enter the **VBNC state** instead of dying. This phenomenon is famously seen in organisms like *Vibrio cholerae* and *Escherichia coli*.

Flashcard 348: _____ stain can be used instead of Methylene blue in acid fast staining

Answer: Malachite green