Bacteriology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: School of fish/railroad track appearance on Gram stain is suggestive of _____

Answer: Hemophilus ducreyi

Flashcard 2: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows 'poached egg' colonies (flat with central elevation)? _____

Answer: mitis

Flashcard 3: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows 'frog egg' colonies (dark centre, light margins)? _____

Answer: intermedius

Flashcard 4: Miyagawa bodies are seen in _____

Answer: lymphogranuloma venerum

Flashcard 5: Which bacteria is seen cultured from the vagina below? _____

Answer: Gardnerella vaginalis epithelial cell covered with bacteria (clue cell)

Flashcard 6: Bipolar staining (safety pin appearance) is shown by: _____

Answer:

Flashcard 7: _____ causes yaws

Answer: T.pertenue

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Flashcard 8: typhoid bacilli reside primarily in _____ in chronic carriers

Answer: gall bladder

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Flashcard 9: toxins of tetanus are _____

Answer: tetanolysin and tetanospasmin

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Flashcard 10: 3cb9fc359f844467826027595fcd4e7b-ao-5

Answer: father of bacteriology

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Flashcard 11: f1a2c5c4886a4dfb832107b2ab3414d9-ao-8

Answer: rickettsial disease and vectors

Extra: typhus

Flashcard 12: Q fever is caused by _____

Answer: coxiella burnetti

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Flashcard 13: _____ causes chancroid

Answer: hemophilus ducreyi

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Flashcard 14: _____ causes LGV

Answer: chlamydia trachomatis

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Flashcard 15: T.carateum causes _____

Answer: pinta

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Flashcard 16: f1a2c5c4886a4dfb832107b2ab3414d9-ao-9

Answer: rickettsial disease and vectors

Extra: typhus

Flashcard 17: _____ is the only non vector borne ricketsial disease

Answer: Q fever

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Flashcard 18: _____ is the only ricketsial disease with no rash and no arthropod vector

Answer: Q fever

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Flashcard 19: _____ is the most innocuous pathogen causing trachoma

Answer: moraxella

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Flashcard 20: f1a2c5c4886a4dfb832107b2ab3414d9-ao-6

Answer: rickettsial disease and vectors

Extra: typhus

Flashcard 21: f0b03727399d4abea47521b6385151c1-ao-2

Answer: atypical mycobacteria

Extra: photo chromogen non photo chromogen

Flashcard 22: _____ is the most widespread pathogen of trachoma

Answer: Koch's bacilus

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Flashcard 23: _____ antigen is responsible for virulence of typhoid

Answer: Vi

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Flashcard 24: _____ is a scoto cromogen type atypical mycobacterium

Answer: mycobacterium scrofulaceum

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Flashcard 25: Mycobacterium avium complex includes _____ and Mycobacterium intracellulare

Answer: Mycobacterium avium

Flashcard 26: _____ cleaves IgA and allows for colonization of mucosal surfaces

Answer: IgA protease

Flashcard 27: Rickettsia _____ causesrickettsial pox which is transmitted by the house mice mite

Answer: akari

Flashcard 28: Runyon classification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria:Group I includes _____ such as M. marinum and M. kansasii

Answer: photochromagens

Flashcard 29: Runyon classification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria:Group II includes _____ such as M. scrofulaceum

Answer: scotochromagens

Flashcard 30: Mycobacterium _____ thrives in cool temperatures, explaining its predilection for extremities of the body

Answer: leprae

Flashcard 31: _____ is a curved bacteria that can cause reactive arthritis, a spondyloarthropathy

Answer: Campylobacteri jejuni

Flashcard 32: Runyon classification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria:_____ and Non-photochromagens do not form pigments

Answer: Rapid growers

Flashcard 33: _____ of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibit phagolysosome fusion.

Answer: Sulfatides (surface glycolipids)

Flashcard 34: Leprosy is caused by _____ and is also known as Hansen's disease

Answer: Mycobacteria leprae

Flashcard 35: Gram Positive Algorithm:Gram Positive _____ are either anaerobic or faculatative anaerobes (O2)

Answer: Cocci

Flashcard 36: Shigella spp. is _____ intracellular within M cells

Answer: facultative

Flashcard 37: _____ is an exotoxin from Bacillus anthracis that cleaves MAPK, resulting in tissue necrosis and black eschar formation on the skin

Answer: Lethal factor

Flashcard 38: _____ is beta-hemolytic

Answer: Pseudomonas

Flashcard 39: _____ is the most common cause of osteomyelitis

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 40: The _____ of E. coli allow the bug to cause urinary tract infections.

Answer: type 1 P pili and fimbriae

Flashcard 41: Gram _____ Algorithm:First split into Bacilli, Cocci and Branching, Filamentous

Answer: Positive

Flashcard 42: _____ synthesizes the superantigens Pyrogenic exotoxin A or C

Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes

Flashcard 43: Clostridium is a gram _____ rod

Answer: positive

Flashcard 44: _____ allows for clumping of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in a "serpentine-like" formation

Answer: Cord factor

Flashcard 45: _____ is a major structural component of bacterial cell walls, consisting of the two sugars N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Answer: Peptidoglycan

Flashcard 46: _____ E. Coli (EHEC) produces a "Shiga-like" toxin

Answer: Enterohemorrhagic

Flashcard 47: Meningitis is only caused by _____ when the bacteria is in its type B capsular form

Answer: Haemophilus influenzae

Flashcard 48: _____ strain of Treponema is virulent and cannot be cultivated in artificial media but maintained for decades by serial testicular passage in rabbits.

Answer: Nichol's

Flashcard 49: Lung abscesses are commonly due to _____ bacteria such as Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Prevotella

Answer: anaerobic

Flashcard 50: Exotoxin A causes _____ of Elongation Factor-2

Answer: ADP-ribosylation (and therefore inhibition)

Flashcard 51: _____ E. coli is associated with the toxins heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxin (ST)

Answer: Enterotoxigenic

Flashcard 52: _____, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes are bacteria that all cause meningitis in neonates.

Answer: Streptococcus agalactiae

Flashcard 53: Mycobacteria tuberculosis grows _____ (fast or slow), requiring 2-6 wks to grow

Answer: slow

Flashcard 54: _____ is an obligate anaerobe that is typically found in the gums and causes dental abscesses

Answer: Actinomyces

Flashcard 55: _____ is a gram negative coccobacillus that causes septic arthritis in sickle cell (asplenic) patients

Answer: Haemophilus influenzae

Flashcard 56: _____ does not gram stain due to lack of a cell wall.Its cell membrane instead has sterols for stability.

Answer: Mycoplasma

Flashcard 57: _____ degrades phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, resulting in myonecrosis (muscle breakdown)

Answer: Alpha toxin

Flashcard 58: Cystitis caused by _____ is characterized by alkaline urine (pH) with an ammonia scent

Answer: Proteus mirabilis

Flashcard 59: _____ is a virulence factor common in Streptococcus pneumonia, H. influenzae Type B, Neisseria spp.

Answer: IgA protease

Flashcard 60: _____ is an endotoxin found on non-enteric gram negative bacteria, ie: Neisseria meningitidis

Answer: Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)

Flashcard 61: _____ is a lancet-shaped diplo-cocci

Answer: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Flashcard 62: _____ is a bacteria that invades via M cells of the Peyer's patches

Answer: Shigella spp.

Flashcard 63: Bacillus cereus, like anthracis, is _____erobic and spore-forming

Answer: a

Flashcard 64: Listeria is a gram _____ rod

Answer: positive

Flashcard 65: _____ will grow on blood agar if Staph Aureus is present and causing beta-hemolysis

Answer: H. influenzae

Flashcard 66: _____ is a bacteria that cements together, forming 'yellow sulfur granules'

Answer: Actinomyces

Flashcard 67: Bordetella pertussis is a gram _____ coccobacillus

Answer: negative

Flashcard 68: Gram Negative Bacteria activate macrophages when _____ binds to CD14 and TLR4

Answer: Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)

Flashcard 69: Gram Negative Algorithm:Bacilli who are fast lactose fermenters include _____, E. coli, Enterobacter

Answer: Klebsiella

Flashcard 70: _____ is the bacterium that causes Q fever

Answer: Coxiella burnetti

Flashcard 71: _____ are oxidase positive

Answer: Neisseria

Flashcard 72: _____ is the only bacteria with cholesterol in its cell membrane

Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Flashcard 73: _____ and Listeria monocytogenes are CAMP test positive

Answer: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

Flashcard 74: Chlamydia _____ has 3 common groups of serotypes: Types A, B, C; Types D-K, Types L1, L2, L3

Answer: trachomatis

Flashcard 75: _____ species is characteristically said to form molar tooth colonies

Answer: Actinomyces

Flashcard 76: Gram Negative Algorithm:Bacilli who _____ lactose fermenters are further split into whether they contain cytochrome oxidase

Answer: are not

Flashcard 77: Uropathogenic E. coli adheres via type _____ fimbriae and P pili and is a major cause of UTIs

Answer: I

Flashcard 78: Pyogenic infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes include _____, non-bullous impetigo, erysipelas/cellulitis

Answer: pharyngitis (strep throat)

Flashcard 79: Spe_____ and C of Streptococcus pyogenes cause toxic shock like syndrome

Answer: A

Flashcard 80: Cellulitis is most often due to _____ or S. pyogenes infection

Answer: S. aureus

Flashcard 81: _____ and Listeria monocytogenes show differential motility

Answer: Yersinia enterocolitica

Flashcard 82: Salmonella spp. is _____ intracellular within macrophages

Answer: facultative

Flashcard 83: Group _____ Strep (Streptococcus pyogenes) causes pharyngitis, which may present with cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer: A

Flashcard 84: _____ toxin of enterotoxigenic E. coli increases cGMP

Answer: Stable

Flashcard 85: What are two examples of fastidious bacteria?_____Legionella

Answer: H. influenzae

Flashcard 86: _____ is contained on the Outer membrane of Gram Negative Bacteria

Answer: Lipopolysaccharide

Flashcard 87: _____ are gram negative diplococci

Answer: Neisseria

Flashcard 88: _____ is a bacteria that causes oral/facial abscesses that drain through the sinus tracts

Answer: Actinomyces

Flashcard 89: Gram Positive Algorithm:_____ and Branching, Filamentous split into aerobic and anaerobic

Answer: Bacilli

Flashcard 90: Bordetella pertussis can be cultured on _____ or Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar.

Answer: Regan-Lowe

Flashcard 91: H. influenzae is catalase _____ and oxidase positive

Answer: positive

Flashcard 92: _____ inhibits the phagocytosis of Staph Aureus by binding to the Fc portion of IgG antibodies

Answer: Protein A

Flashcard 93: _____ agar contains mammalian bloodNon-selective (any bacteria can grow)Enriched (blood)Differential due to hemolysis pattern

Answer: Blood

Flashcard 94: What organism(s) produce a toxin that ADP-ribosylates EF-2, inhibiting protein synthesis?_____

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flashcard 95: _____ is a curved bacteria that uses fimbriae to attach to the intestinal mucosa

Answer: Vibrio cholerae

Flashcard 96: Shigella and EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli) both produce _____ toxins that result in bloody diarrhea

Answer: shiga

Flashcard 97: _____ lacks muramic acid in its cell wall, resulting in poor gram staining.

Answer: Chlamydia

Flashcard 98: Gram _____ Algorithm:Bacilli are further split via lactose fermentation

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 99: _____ is the exotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer: Exotoxin A

Flashcard 100: Nocardia causes _____ infections after trauma in the immuno-competent

Answer: cutaneous

Flashcard 101: _____, Enterobacter, and Serratia are all lactose fermenters

Answer: Klebsiella

Flashcard 102: _____ can grow in close proximity to Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar

Answer: Haemophilus influenzae

Flashcard 103: Bacillus anthracis is often described as large _____ in chains

Answer: gram positive bacilli

Flashcard 104: 4 common _____:NocardiaPseudomonas AeruginosaMycobacterium tuberculosisBacillus (anthracis and cereus)

Answer: obligate aerobes

Flashcard 105: _____ Acids are present in Gram Positive Bacteria's cell walls

Answer: Lipoteichoic

Flashcard 106: Which 5 bacterial toxins depend on lysogeny in order to be secreted by their corresponding bacteria?_____Botulinum ToxinCholera ToxinDiphtheria ToxinShiga Toxin

Answer: Group A strep Erythrogenic toxin (causes scarlet fever)

Flashcard 107: Which bacteria produces Blue-green pigments? Due to?_____

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flashcard 108: Some Gram Negative Bacteria have lipo_____saccharide, which lacks an O antigen

Answer: oligo

Flashcard 109: Gram Negative Algorithm:Diplococci _____ maltose metabolism - Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella

Answer: without

Flashcard 110: Bacterial _____ and fimbria allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces and attach to other bacteria for conjugation (exchange genetic information - sex)

Answer: pili

Flashcard 111: The three components of Lipopolysaccharide are:1. _____2. Lipid A3. O antigen

Answer: Polysaccharide

Flashcard 112: Gram Positive Algorithm:Streptococcus _____-hemolysis is further broken down via Optochin sensitivity

Answer: alpha

Flashcard 113: Streptococcus _____ is optochin-sensitive

Answer: pneumoniae

Flashcard 114: Gram _____ Bacteria have thinner cell walls with an outer membrane surrounding it

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 115: Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium grown on buffered charcoal yeast extract with _____ and cysteine

Answer: iron

Flashcard 116: Enterococci spp. include _____ and Enterococcus faecium

Answer: Enterococcus faecalis

Flashcard 117: Enterococci spp. normally inhabit the lower _____ and GU tracts.

Answer: GI

Flashcard 118: Strep pneumonia shares the same virulence factor as _____ and Neisseria.

Answer: H. influenzae type b

Flashcard 119: Moraxella catarrhalis are gram _____ cocci

Answer: negative

Flashcard 120: _____ (and other lactose fermenters) will stain metallic green on Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar

Answer: E. coli

Flashcard 121: _____ is a bacterium grown on buffered charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine

Answer: Legionella pneumophila

Flashcard 122: The E. coli _____ antigen is present on its flagella

Answer: H

Flashcard 123: _____ contains a capsule made of hyaluronic acid

Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Flashcard 124: _____ shows a fried-egg colony on Dienes method of staining

Answer: Mycoplasma

Flashcard 125: Ureaplasma urealyticum is a _____-positive bacteria related to Mycoplasma that commonly causes urocystitis (and prostatitis)

Answer: urease

Flashcard 126: Factors _____ and X (hematin) are added to chocolate agar to grow Haemophilus influenzae

Answer: V (NAD+)

Flashcard 127: Clostridium perfringens produces a(n) _____ that functions as a phospholipase (lecithinase)

Answer: alpha toxin

Flashcard 128: _____ is a common cause of UTIs in sexually active females

Answer: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Flashcard 129: The alpha toxin of _____ breaks down phospholipids, resulting in myonecrosis (gas gangrene)

Answer: Clostridium perfringens

Flashcard 130: _____ is a virulence factor part of the peptidoglycan cell wall of Staph Aureus

Answer: Protein A

Flashcard 131: _____ toxin of enterotoxigenic E. coli increases cAMP

Answer: Labile

Flashcard 132: _____ of Treponema pallidum can be visualized within condyloma lata/latum of secondary syphilis via darkfield microscopy

Answer: Spirochetes

Flashcard 133: _____ of Mycobacteria tuberculosis activates macrophages via induction of TNF-a, which then form granulomas

Answer: Cord factor

Flashcard 134: _____ invades the GI mucosal cells, resulting in infectious diarrhea

Answer: Shigella

Flashcard 135: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia commonly cause nosocomial _____ and UTIs

Answer: pneumonia

Flashcard 136: _____, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Legionella are common causes of pneumonia superimposed on COPD

Answer: Haemophilus influenzae

Flashcard 137: Gram Positive Algorithm:Streptococcus beta-hemolysis Bacitracin _____ - Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)

Answer: Sensitive

Flashcard 138: What gram positive organisms (3) commonly colonize previously damaged heart valves?_____

Answer: Streptococcus viridans

Flashcard 139: V. parahaemolyticus is characterized by _____ flagella on solid media and monotrichous on liquid media.

Answer: peritrichous

Flashcard 140: _____ cell walls contain mycolic acid, therefore a special Ziehl-Neelsen (acid-fast) stain is used to visualize them

Answer: Mycobacteria

Flashcard 141: _____ produces the exotoxin Streptolysin O (cytolysin)

Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes

Flashcard 142: _____ agar is commonly used to differentiate species of streptococcus

Answer: Blood

Flashcard 143: Rickettsia organisms are unable to produce _____ and NAD+

Answer: CoA

Flashcard 144: Enzyme _____ produced by Clostridium Welchii plays an important role in putrefaction

Answer: lecithinase

Flashcard 145: _____ is a virulence factor released from Group A Strep that converts plasminogen to plasmin (a fibrinolytic)

Answer: Streptokinase

Flashcard 146: _____ Agar is used to detect the O157 strains of E. coli

Answer: Sorbitol MacConkey

Flashcard 147: Both _____ and Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) can cause impetigo

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 148: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia stain _____ on MacConkey agar

Answer: pink

Flashcard 149: _____ is the second most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults

Answer: Chlamydia pneumoniae

Flashcard 150: All Clostridium spp. are _____erobic, gram positive rods

Answer: ana

Flashcard 151: Causative agent of _____ is T.pertenue.

Answer: yaws

Flashcard 152: _____ Agar is a potato extract used to grow Bordetella pertussis

Answer: Bordet-Gengou

Flashcard 153: The _____ unit of cholera toxin attach to the GM1 ganglioside receptors on the surface of jejunal epithelial cells.

Answer: B (binding)

Flashcard 154: The _____ phase of bacterial growth is dependent on the generation/doubling time

Answer: growth

Flashcard 155: _____ medium is made of charcoal, blood and antibiotic and used to grow Bordetella pertussis

Answer: Regan-Lowe

Flashcard 156: Rickettsia is technically a gram _____, however it doesn't gram stain well at all

Answer: negative organism

Flashcard 157: _____ is found in abundance within a bacterial spore and is thought to provide heat resistance

Answer: Dipicolinic acid

Flashcard 158: Nocardia is a gram _____ branching filamentous rod

Answer: positive

Flashcard 159: Exotoxin A causes _____ of EF-2 (elongation factor-2), thus inhibiting protein synthesis

Answer: ADP-ribosylation

Flashcard 160: _____ superantigen is often associated with necrotizing fasciitis

Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes' pyrogenic exotoxin B

Flashcard 161: Gram Positive Algorithm:Streptococcus beta-hemolysis Bacitracin _____ - Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 162: _____ species are involved in causing angular conjunctivitis, and is a gram negative, diplobacillus

Answer: Moraxella

Flashcard 163: Spe_____ and C of Streptococcus pyogenes are considered superantigens

Answer: A

Flashcard 164: _____ bodies are seen in psittacosis.

Answer: LCL

Flashcard 165: _____ method for detecting treponema is used on smears

Answer: Fontana's

Flashcard 166: Haemophilus influenzae is able to colonize the _____ tract due to IgA protease (virulence factor)

Answer: upper respiratory

Flashcard 167: The E. coli _____ antigen is present on its lipopolysaccaride (LPS)

Answer: O

Flashcard 168: Listeria monocytogenes is a gram _____ rod that is aerobic

Answer: positive

Flashcard 169: _____ E. Coli (EHEC) - classic serotype is O157:H7

Answer: Enterohemorrhagic

Flashcard 170: _____ is considered a fastidious bacteria because it needs NAD+ (factor V) and hematin (factor X) to grow

Answer: H. influenzae

Flashcard 171: _____ attach to N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) of the Peptidoglycan on a Bacterium's cell wall, connecting the sugars together

Answer: Peptides

Flashcard 172: _____ make up the middle layer, or cortex, of a bacterial spore

Answer: Peptidoglycans

Flashcard 173: The _____ cell wall lacks classic peptidoglycan (due to reduced muramic acid), rendering -lactam antibiotics ineffective.

Answer: chlamydial

Flashcard 174: _____ produces the exotoxin Alpha toxin, which is a Phospholipase C enzyme

Answer: Clostridium perfringens

Flashcard 175: _____-cellular bacteria do not gram stain well, including Rickettsia, Chlamydia and Legionella

Answer: Intra

Flashcard 176: All Clostridia are gram _____, spore-forming, obligate anaerobes

Answer: positive bacilli

Flashcard 177: _____ E. coli uses aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF) to make a biofilm on the intestinal wall

Answer: Enteroaggregative

Flashcard 178: _____ inhibits a Gi protein within neutrophils, resulting in increased levels of cAMP within the neutrophils

Answer: Pertussis toxin

Flashcard 179: _____ has a peptide capsule made of d-glutamate that allows for increased virulence due to unimpeded growth

Answer: Bacillus anthracis

Flashcard 180: Helicobacter pylori is urease-positive, meaning it splits urea into _____ and CO2, the basis of the urea breath test

Answer: NH3

Flashcard 181: Gram Negative Algorithm:Bacilli who are fast lactose fermenters include _____, E. coli, Enterobacter

Answer: Klebsiella

Flashcard 182: Nocardia causes _____ infections in the immuno-compromised

Answer: pulmonary

Flashcard 183: Corynebacterium is a gram _____ rod

Answer: positive

Flashcard 184: Gram Negative Algorithm:Bacilli who are not lactose fermenters and are Oxidase Negative, H2S production on TSI agar _____ - salmonella, proteus

Answer: positive

Flashcard 185: _____ show twitching motility

Answer: Eikenella corrodens

Flashcard 186: _____ is an obligate intracellular bacteria that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer: Rickettsia rickettsi

Flashcard 187: _____ E. coli is associated with the O157:H7 serotype

Answer: Enterohemorrhagic

Flashcard 188: _____ synthesizes the superantigen Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 189: _____ is found on the surface of group A strep (streptococcus pyogenes)

Answer: M protein

Flashcard 190: _____ Agar is used to grow H. influenzae

Answer: Chocolate

Flashcard 191: _____ is often found intracellularly in neutrophils (PMNs)

Answer: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Flashcard 192: _____ have a toxic A component and a B component that binds to cell surfaces

Answer: Exotoxins

Flashcard 193: Salmonella spp. produces _____, which appears as black colonies on Hektoen enteric agar

Answer: hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Flashcard 194: Gram _____ Algorithm:Coccobacilli includes H. influenzae, Pasteurella, Brucella, Bordetella pertussis, Francisella tularensis

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 195: _____ show stately motility

Answer: Clostridia

Flashcard 196: Oroya fever or _____ disease is caused by Bartonella bacilliformis

Answer: Carrions

Flashcard 197: Treponema pallidum is a _____ and may be described as 'spiral-shaped'.

Answer: spirochete

Flashcard 198: Gram Positive Algorithm:_____ split into catalase negative and catalase positive

Answer: Cocci

Flashcard 199: _____ shows corkscrew motility

Answer: Treponema

Flashcard 200: _____ is an anti-phagocytic virulence factor contained on Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) cell walls

Answer: M protein

Flashcard 201: Gram _____ Algorithm:First split into Diplococci, Coccobacilli, Bacilli and Comma-shaped rods

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 202: Which Rickettsia spp. (2) is characterized by a rash that starts at the trunk, spreading outwards to the extremities?_____

Answer: Rickettsia prowazekii

Flashcard 203: Gram Negative Algorithm:Bacilli who _____ lactose fermenters are further split into whether they ferment fast or slow

Answer: are

Flashcard 204: What animals (2) are the reservoir for Yersinia pestis?_____

Answer: Rats

Flashcard 205: Staphylococcus saprophyticus is part of the normal flora of the _____ and vagina in up to 10% of females

Answer: rectum

Flashcard 206: _____, Vibrio cholera and Helicobacter pylori are all curved rods that are oxidase positive

Answer: Campylobacter jejuni

Flashcard 207: Causative agent of _____ is T.carateum.

Answer: pinta

Flashcard 208: _____ is the only Staph organism that is coagulase +.

Answer: Staph aureus

Flashcard 209: Runyon classification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria:Group IV includes _____ such as M. fortuitum and M. cheloni

Answer: Rapid growers

Flashcard 210: Gram _____ Algorithm:Coccobacilli includes H. influenzae, Pasteurella, Brucella, Bordetella pertussis, Francisella tularensis

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 211: What two stains can be used to visualize Borrelia burgdorferi?_____

Answer: Wright stain

Flashcard 212: A poly-_____ capsule is seen in Yersinia and Bacillus

Answer: peptide

Flashcard 213: _____ is an obligate anaerobe that is typically found in the gut and causes abdominal abscesses

Answer: Bacteroides fragilis

Flashcard 214: Which special culture media/agars (2) are used to isolate Corynebacterium diphtheriae?_____

Answer: Tellurite agar

Flashcard 215: _____ broth medium is used to isolate Borrelia species except for B.miyaotoi.

Answer: BSK (Barbour-Stoenner-kelly)

Flashcard 216: Gram Positive Algorithm:Streptococcus alpha-hemolysis Optochin _____ - Streptococcus pneumonia

Answer: sensitive

Flashcard 217: Vibrio cholerae grows on _____ media, as it prefers basic environments

Answer: alkaline

Flashcard 218: Neisseria _____ is transmitted via Respiratory and Oral secretions

Answer: meningitidis

Flashcard 219: _____ causes atypical (walking) pneumonia most commonly in the elderly

Answer: Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Flashcard 220: Bacillus anthracis and cereus are gram-_____ bacilli (rods)

Answer: positive

Flashcard 221: _____ is a bacteria that grows flat, yellow colonies on TCBS agar

Answer: Vibrio cholerae

Flashcard 222: All Rickettsiae spp. are obligate intracellular organisms as they require _____ and NAD+

Answer: CoA

Flashcard 223: _____ is a cause of pneumonia in immunocompetent patients that is best visualized by silver stain

Answer: Legionella pneumophila

Flashcard 224: The _____ are secreted via a type III secretion system in Yersinia pestis.

Answer: YOPS (Yersinia assoc. outer proteins)

Flashcard 225: _____ are proteins secreted by gram positive and negative bacteria

Answer: Exotoxin

Flashcard 226: _____ serotypes L1, L2, L3 cause Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Flashcard 227: _____ is an obligate intracellular bacteria that is a common cause of STDs

Answer: Chlamydia

Flashcard 228: Gram Positive Algorithm:Staphylococcus Coagulase _____ - Staph Aureus

Answer: Positive

Flashcard 229: Corynebacterium diphtheriae are gram _____ rods*catalase/oxidase status?

Answer: positive

Flashcard 230: Gram Negative Algorithm:Bacilli who are not lactose fermenters and are Oxidase _____ - Pseudomonas

Answer: Positive

Flashcard 231: Superimposed bacterial infection on top of rhinosinusitis is most commonly due to _____, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis

Answer: S. pneumoniae

Flashcard 232: Lipopolysaccharide _____ have a Lipid A core responsible for their toxicity and anO antigen terminal end that varies among bacterial strains

Answer: Endotoxins

Flashcard 233: _____ is the most common cause of C-MOPS:Conjunctivitis (redness and discharge)Meningitis (fever, chills, headache, neck stiffness)Otitis media (ear pain)Pneumonia (fever, cough, chills)Sinusitis (nasal discharge, sinus tenderness)

Answer: Streptococcus pneumonia

Flashcard 234: SpeB of _____ is associated with necrotizing fasciitis

Answer: Streptococcus pyogenes

Flashcard 235: Listeria monocytogenes forms "rocket tails" via _____for intra-cellular and trans-cellular movement

Answer: actin polymerization

Flashcard 236: _____ of bacteria are typically water and polysaccharide, protecting against phagocytosis

Answer: Capsules

Flashcard 237: _____ E. coli destroys intestinal microvilli resulting in malabsorption

Answer: Enteropathogenic

Flashcard 238: Gram Positive Algorithm:Streptococcus _____-hemolysis are separated via bile and NaCl growth

Answer: gamma

Flashcard 239: _____ causes atypical (walking) pneumonia most commonly transmitted by bird droppings

Answer: Chlamydophila psittaci

Flashcard 240: Kanagawa phenomenon is shown by _____ becase of the presence of heat-stable hemolysin

Answer: Vibrio parahemolyticus

Flashcard 241: _____ is a virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus

Answer: Protein A

Flashcard 242: The E. coli _____ antigen is present on its capsule

Answer: K

Flashcard 243: Neisseria is a _____ organism, that shows twitching motility

Answer: non-motile

Flashcard 244: _____ difficile; botulinum; perfringens; tetani are all obligate anaerobes

Answer: Clostridium

Flashcard 245: _____ has a polysaccharide capsule, which inhibits phagocytosis

Answer: Neisseria meningitidis

Flashcard 246: Gram _____ Bacteria contain a periplasm, which is a space between the cell membrane and outer membrane

Answer: Negative

Flashcard 247: _____ spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria

Answer: Chlamydia

Flashcard 248: Which two bacteria can synthesize superantigens? _____, Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 249: _____ and Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular, pleomorphic, gram-negative bacteria that cannot make their own ATP.

Answer: Rickettsia spp.

Flashcard 250: _____ causes rhinoscleroma

Answer: Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis

Flashcard 251: Bacillus (anthrax, cereus) is a gram _____ rod

Answer: positive

Flashcard 252: Proteus mirabilis is urease-positive, hence it forms an _____ environment that results in ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) kidney stone formation

Answer: alkaline

Flashcard 253: _____ is a component of gram negative bacteria cell walls

Answer: Endotoxin

Flashcard 254: _____ is responsible for two exotoxins, Heat labile toxin (LT) and Heat stable toxin (ST)

Answer: Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC)

Flashcard 255: 2 common _____ bacteria are Rickettsia and Chlamydia

Answer: pleomorphic

Flashcard 256: Enteroccoci species grows on _____% NaCl and 40% bile culture media

Answer: 6.5

Flashcard 257: _____ method is the staining procedure of choice in Mycobacterium leprae.

Answer: Fite-Faraco

Flashcard 258: Runyon classification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria:Group III includes non-photochromagens such as _____

Answer: MAC, M. ulcerans and M. xenopi

Flashcard 259: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a _____ intracellular pathogen.

Answer: facultative

Flashcard 260: Which enterobacteriaceae species gives the following IMViC test: --++_____

Answer: Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Serratia

Flashcard 261: Mycobacterium _____ forms dry, rough, raised and irregular colonies on LJ media.

Answer: tuberculosis

Flashcard 262: Which spirochete can remain viable for upto 24hrs at 4 degree celsius?_____

Answer: T. pallidum

Flashcard 263: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows soft, buttery emulsifiable colonies?_____

Answer: mitis

Flashcard 264: The only known natural host of T. pallidum is _____

Answer: humans

Flashcard 265: Exogenous pyrogens include _____ of bacterial walls

Answer: lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Flashcard 266: Preformed enterotoxins of _____ act as Superantigens

Answer: Staph. aureus

Flashcard 267: School of fish/railroad track appearance on Gram stain is suggestive of _____

Answer: Hemophilus ducreyi

Flashcard 268: Which bug is the cause of melioidosis (also called Whitmore s disease)?_____

Answer: Burkholderia pseudomallei

Flashcard 269: Most common bacteria causing otitis externa hemorrhagica is _____

Answer: strep. pneumoniae

Flashcard 270: Miyagawa bodies are seen in _____

Answer: lymphogranuloma venerum

Flashcard 271: Which organism causes membranous conjunctivits?_____

Answer: C. diphtheriae

Flashcard 272: _____ stain contains toluidine blue 'O' and malachite green

Answer: Albert's

Flashcard 273: In which phase of bacterial growth do involution forms occur?_____

Answer: Decline phase

Flashcard 274: Mycobacterium _____ causes Buruli ulcer.

Answer: ulcerans

Flashcard 275: V. parahaemolyticus grows well on blood agar where it is identified by its oxidase-_____ growth

Answer: positive

Flashcard 276: Vibrio parahaemolyticus shows _____ staining

Answer: bipolar

Flashcard 277: Are mycoplasma free living or intracellular?_____

Answer: Free living

Flashcard 278: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows 'poached egg' colonies (flat with central elevation)?_____

Answer: mitis

Flashcard 279: Which enterobacteriaceae species gives the following IMViC test: d+-d (d - Results different in different species or strains)_____

Answer: Proteus

Flashcard 280: Mycobacterium _____ forms moist, smooth, flat, white colonies on LJ media that break-up easily when touched.

Answer: bovis

Flashcard 281: What is the most common agent responsible for lymphangitis?_____

Answer: GABHS

Flashcard 282: How many subunits is the cholera toxin made up of?_____

Answer: 6

Flashcard 283: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli are short rods with few or no granules?_____

Answer: gravis

Flashcard 284: Late-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is caused by _____.

Answer: Propionibacterium acnes

Flashcard 285: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows brittle colonies which can not be easily picked out or emulsified?_____

Answer: gravis

Flashcard 286: Community acquired MRSA encodes the _____ toxin

Answer: Panton Valentine

Flashcard 287: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli are long rods with prominent granules?_____

Answer: mitis

Flashcard 288: _____ is the commonest cause of infectious keratitis after corneal transplantation in developing countries.

Answer: Staphylococcus epidermidis

Flashcard 289: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is _____

Answer: capsulated (capsulated/non-capsulated)

Flashcard 290: H.ducreyi requires _____, for growth.

Answer: X factor

Flashcard 291: Actinomadura and Nocardia cause _____ which would respond to antibiotics.

Answer: actinomycetoma

Flashcard 292: _____ subtype of heat-stable enterotoxin (ETEC) acts by activation of cGMP in the intestine

Answer: STa

Flashcard 293: The doubling time of Mycobacterium leprae is _____

Answer: 12-14 days

Flashcard 294: Whitmore bacillus is another name for _____

Answer: B. pseudomallei

Flashcard 295: _____ is the most commonly infecting organism causing acute tonsillitis.

Answer: Beta Haemolytic streptococcus

Flashcard 296: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows 'frog egg' colonies (dark centre, light margins)?_____

Answer: intermedius

Flashcard 297: Most common organism causing ASOM is _____

Answer: Strep. pneumo

Flashcard 298: In cystic fibrosis, P. aeruginosa shows a special feature of developing a _____

Answer: mucoid capsule

Flashcard 299: Pfeiffer's bacillus is another name for _____

Answer: H. influenzae

Flashcard 300: Which organism is associated with emphysematous cystitis?_____

Answer: C. perfringens

Flashcard 301: What is the most common organism causing perichondritis?_____

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flashcard 302: Escherichia coli on EMB agar appears as dark blue-black colonies with an iridescent green metallic sheen because they are _____

Answer: lactose fermenters

Flashcard 303: Glander's bacillus is another name for _____

Answer: B. malllei

Flashcard 304: The cell wall of _____ body is fragile and pliable, leading to pleomorphism.

Answer: reticulate (elementary/reticulate)

Flashcard 305: Which type of culture is used for demonstration of gelatin liquefaction and oxygen requirements of bacterium and for maintainance of stock cultures?_____

Answer: Stab culture

Flashcard 306: V. parahaemolyticus shows a _____ string test

Answer: positive

Flashcard 307: Which Rickettsial infection(s) will present with eschar formation and rash?_____

Answer: R.akari and O. tsutsugamushi

Flashcard 308: _____ appearance is seen in H. ducreyi

Answer: School of fish appearance or railroad

Flashcard 309: PANDAS is associated with Strep. _____ infection

Answer: pyogenes

Flashcard 310: What is the selective media for H.influenzae?_____

Answer: Fildes agar and Levinthal medium (2)

Flashcard 311: Is chlamydia filterable through standard bacterial filters?_____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 312: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows variable hemolysis?_____

Answer: gravis

Flashcard 313: _____ subunit of cholera toxin causes prolonged activation of cellular adenylate cyclase

Answer: A1

Flashcard 314: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli ferments glycogen and starch?_____

Answer: gravis

Flashcard 315: Treponema pallidum was discovered by _____

Answer: Schaudinn and Hoffman.

Flashcard 316: Which enterobacteriaceae species gives the following IMViC test: -+--_____

Answer: Shigella sonnei

Flashcard 317: Vincent's angina is due to fusiform bacilli such as _____

Answer: Borrelia vinceti

Flashcard 318: Most common cause of pyomyositis is _____

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 319: Which enterobacteriaceae species gives the following IMViC test: d+-+(d - Results different in different species or strains)_____

Answer: Citrobacter

Flashcard 320: Lymphogranuloma venerum (LGV) is caused most commonly by Chlamydia trachomatis LGV serovar _____.

Answer: L2

Flashcard 321: Friedlander's bacillus is another name for _____

Answer: K. pneumoniae

Flashcard 322: Which Vibrio spp. will produce lactose fermenting colonies?_____

Answer: V. vulnificus

Flashcard 323: What type of culture gives an estimate of viable bacterial count in a suspension?_____

Answer: Pour plate culture

Flashcard 324: Klebs-Loffler bacillus is another name for _____

Answer: C. diphtheriae

Flashcard 325: _____ appearance is seen in Vibrio cholera.

Answer: Fish in-stream

Flashcard 326: Which organism is found to be commonly associated with primary atrophic rhinitis?_____

Answer: Klebsiella ozaenae

Flashcard 327: Cystic fibrosis patients with _____ pneumonia are found to have severe pulmonary hypertension and a higher mortality

Answer: Burkholderia cepacia

Flashcard 328: Corynebacterium _____ is responsible for erythrasma

Answer: minutissimum

Flashcard 329: The endoflagella of T. pallidum is present in the _____ space.

Answer: periplasmic

Flashcard 330: The _____ index in leprosy is determined by adding the index from each site examined and dividing the total by the number of sites examined

Answer: bacterial

Flashcard 331: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows no hemolysis?_____

Answer: intermedius

Flashcard 332: Which growth medium inhibits growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus while promoting the growth of V. vulnificus strains?_____

Answer: PNC medium

Flashcard 333: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis is most commonly caused by _____.

Answer: E.coli

Flashcard 334: Glanders disease is caused by _____

Answer: Burkholderia Mallei

Flashcard 335: Which subtype of diphtheria bacilli shows hemolysis?_____

Answer: mitis

Flashcard 336: Koch week bacillus is another name for _____

Answer: H. aegypticus

Flashcard 337: The organism capable of invading the intact cornea is _____

Answer: Gonococcus

Flashcard 338: _____ medium is the transport media used for Streptococcus.

Answer: Pike's

Flashcard 339: Fermentation of sugars is indicated by _____ color on the TSI medium.

Answer: yellow

Flashcard 340: Melioidosis is also known as _____ disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Answer: Whitmore's

Flashcard 341: Gram-positive rod-shaped bacillus with _____ spherical spores is suggestive of Clostridium _____.

Answer: subterminal::position; botulinum

Flashcard 342: _____ medium is a selective culture medium used to isolate staphylococcus aureus.

Answer: Ludlam's

Flashcard 343: _____ is the most common bacteria causing atypical pneumonia

Answer: Mycoplasma

Flashcard 344: _____ stain can be used instead of Methylene blue in acid fast staining

Answer: Malachite green

Flashcard 345: _____ are responsible for producing corkscrew motility in spirochetes

Answer: Endoflagella

Flashcard 346: Gram-positive rod-shaped bacillus with _____ spherical spores is suggestive of Clostridium _____.

Answer: subterminal::position; botulinum

Flashcard 347: The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells are seen in the _____ phase of the bacterial growth curve

Answer: stationary

Flashcard 348: The protease of Vibrio cholera disrupts the extracellular part of ____.

Answer: occludin