Healthcare Economics — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ and _____ are classified as C4a and C4c respectively under the clinical classification of CEAP classification.

Answer: Eczema; corona phlebectatica

Flashcard 2: What is the demographic affected by Moyamoya disease?_____

Answer: Bimodal distribution (1st and 4th decades)

Flashcard 3: What type of airway obstruction is characterized by selective flattening of the **expiratory** limb on a flow-volume loop?

Answer: Variable intrathoracic obstruction

Extra: Flow-volume loop patterns in upper airway obstruction: - **Variable extrathoracic obstruction:** Flattening of the inspiratory limb (e.g., vocal cord paralysis, laryngomalacia). - **Variable intrathoracic obstruction:** Flattening of the expiratory limb (e.g., tracheomalacia, airway tumors). - **Fixed obstruction:** Flattening of both inspiratory and expiratory limbs (e.g., tracheal stenosis, goiter).

Flashcard 4: Prognosis of ARDS is poor with _____% mortality rate

Answer: 40

Flashcard 5: The most common clinical course seen in hepatitis C infection is _____ state

Answer: chronic carrier

Flashcard 6: Systolic murmur grade _____ or more is included in NADA's major criteria

Answer: 3

Flashcard 7: _____ Scale is to describe the consistency of stool in gastroenterology.

Answer: Bristol

Flashcard 8: At what GFR level is maintenance dialysis typically initiated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: GFR < 10 mL/min/1.73 m² (typically 5–10 mL/min/1.73 m²)

Extra: While dialysis initiation is primarily driven by clinical symptoms (uremia, refractory fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances), it is generally considered when the GFR falls below 10 mL/min/1.73 m². Note that standard GFR estimation equations (MDRD, CKD-EPI) are not valid for patients already receiving dialysis.